Please enable JavaScript.
Coggle requires JavaScript to display documents.
Lactation (HM Composition (Protein in Human Milk (casein (main protein in…
Lactation
HM Composition
Milk Carbohydrates
primarily
Lactose
oligosaccharides
polysaccharide of MC
prevent binding of pathogenic microorganism to gut
prevent infection and diarrhea crossing in blood
fructooligosacc
improves gut bacteria in BM naturally
**ENHANCE Ca absorption
n.b GROWTH is doubled first year bones, gums, teeth
for baby G AND D
Protein in Human Milk
0.32 G protein/oz
whey
liquid immunoglobulins
lactoferrin
FE for ABSORPTION
casein
main protein in mature human milk
promote CALCIUM absorption
spit up chinks
bioavailable
antiviral and antimicrobial
affected by infant age
Lipids
DHA
essential for retinal development
cognitive development and IQ
cholesterol
higher in HM than formula
early consumption through BF related to lower blood choleterol levels later in life
40-80% kcals
ENERGY stores needed for RAPIG GROWTH AND CHANGE
cell rep, spastic, ceding, small tummies, full quick, needs e dense food, high fat,
FATTY ACIDS reflect maternal diet
health care policies, societal attitudes, family support and work enviromentment affect BF rates
immune protection
provides nutrition
ONLY food infant needs for first 6 months
up to a year if possible
varies with fat, protein, and carb comp
protection from chronic diseases
celiacs, t2DM, inflamed bowel, lukemia
changes day to evening
based on infant needs and age
water in HM
major component
isotonic to maternal plasma to cross membranes
energy in HM
~22 kcals/oz
more kcals
benefits
Mom
physical
delay monthly ovulation
lower rates of breast/ovarian cancer and rheumatoid arthritis
pay speed fat and weight loss
physiosocial
increase self confidence
bond with baby
hormonal
see oxytocin
cheap
few sick days for health
Baby
immunological benefits
allergies
nutritional befits, dynamic to match needs
lower infant mortality
reduce chronic illness
celiacs, irritable bowel syndrome, low rates of neural blastoma, nerve cell cancer, obesity rates, cardiovascular diseas, t2DM
reduce acute illness
diarrhea, wheezing, cocking, omitting, ear infections, upper/lower respiratory tract sinus, pneumonia, improve meningitis, leukemia, asthma rates
cognitive benefits
normal weight gain
high colic
implications, related to obesity
BF infant
supply = demand
milk synthesis related to DEGREE OF EMPTYING
To society
space kids out
for mom and baby
restore nutrients
VIT D AND CALCIUM
no poluution
renewable resources
bottle, nips, liners
decrease need for medical care
Breast Milk
Mature Milk
hindmilk
high fat
for energy
keep baby on breast until they are full
FOR BABY GROWTH
if not baby will be HUNGRY, NOT FULL SATIETY, CUES
higher CHO
foremilk
initial state
watery for hydration
vit and min
high protein
high in lactose
diarrhea is possible :
when switching breast too early from lactose content
low lipid and some CHO
difference in cal, protein, AA, lipids, chain length, saturation, carbs
colostrum
FIRST POSTPARTUM milk secreted
yellow
Macronutrients of Colostrum
high protein
high immunoprotection
the digestive tract is new and unused, protective coating from outside work
anti bacterial, microbial, viral
secretory IgA
lactoferrin
whey
low fat
low carb
Micronutrients of Colostrum
*
VIT A, K AND D
Na+ , K+ , Cl - , Vit E*
less present in mature milk
Iron in BM
mom iron status depends on last trimester enough up to 6 mo after baby
not a good source in BM, fortify
Maternal Energy Balance during Lactation
Maternal diet
Colic
fussy often crying baby
cows milk, eggs, peanuts, tree its, wheat, soy, fish, cruciferous V and chocolate
supplements only if not balanced diet
fluids
pale urine, HIGH frequency
VEGANS
b12, kcals, protein, zinc, bit D, ca, Fe
E costs:
~500kcals/d
1st 6 months
then 400kcals/d
DRI
-330-499 cals/d for -1.8#/mo for wt
hormone control of lactation
prolactin
stimulates milk prod
released in response to suckling, stress, sleep, sexual intercourse
oxytocin
stimulates let down/release of milk
tingling in the breast from contractions in milk duct
causes the uterus to contract, seal BV and shrink in size
affected by
maternal diet
adequate
milk supply is monitored by :star:
number of spited diapers/enough excreting
infant growth :star:
rec vit and min supplement for baby
low vit b12
low inlactating vegan
malnourished
gastric bypass, impaired ability to absorb
b12 bound to protein, intrinsic factor, stomach absorbed in ileum, concern with gastric bypass
flouride
after 6 mo as needed from moms diet
COLOSTRUM
HIGH in vit ADEK
water soluble
vit k
nonessential 400IU @ 2 mo 600IU @ 1 yr
shot for NBs
Vit E
preterm: unhealthy amount of E
not a problem if mom is NOT losing weight, balanced diet
folate
minerals: concentration related to baby age
osmolarity, high bioavail, low risk of anemia, despite lowborn content of HM
mom might be deficient
inadequate
milk quality is preserved, not quantity
barriers
galactosemia
babies with increased blood glucose levels
SHOULD NOT BE BREAST FED
diet and health concerns
embarrassment and lack of confidence
lactation issues/knowledge
fear of pain
employment and childcare
lack of support from family and friends
time and social constraints
Promotion of BF
support from health care system
lactation support in birthing centers, hops and after discharge
prenatal BF education
work place and community
Exercising while BF
aerobic activity enhances maternal FA mobilization than during cal restriction
modest e restitution combined w increased activity may help lose wt and body fat
does not inhibit milk prod or infant growth
Suckling
Signs of hunger
Rooting
infant turns to the side when stimulated on that side
CRYING IS A LATE SIGN; SENSITIVE TO SATIETY
hands to mouth, along w rooting