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MAKING SALTS (ACID + BASE ----> SALT + WATER (Obtaining sulfate…
MAKING SALTS
ACID + BASE ----> SALT + WATER
Alkalies are bases which are soluble in water
Most bases are metal oxides
NEUTRALISATION REACTION
Obtaining sulfate crystals from copper oxide and sulfuric acid
Add insoluble copper oxide to sulfuric acid and stir
Warm gently over bunsen burner
The solution will turn blue when the reaction is taking place (this is the copper sulfate). Excess black copper oxide can be seen
Once reaction is complete, filter excess copper oxide
Evaporate water until the first crystals start to appear around edge. Leave rest of water to evaporate slowly (larger crystals)
Dry crystals to remove any excess solution
Salts are made up from + and - ions:
positive ions = metals, base, carbonate
negative ions = acid
METAL + ACID ----> SALT + HYDROGEN
Obtaining copper salt crystals
Measure acid, warm gently over bunsen burner - DON'T BOIL
Add metal oxide to beaker whilst acid is warm and continue adding until no more dissolves
Cool then filter out undissolved metal oxide
Evaporate until volume halves (POINT OF CRYSTALLISATION), leave to crystallise at room temp
Dry crystals with paper towel
When metals react with acids they lose electrons to become positive ions
Alkali metals never added to acid - too violent of a reaction
ACID + ALKALI ---> SALT + WATER
NEUTRALISATION REACTION
Use an acid-base indicator to tell when reaction is complete, as no gas is given off and there is no excess insoluble solid
Obtaining crystals
Use titration to find out how much acid is needed to neutralise the alkali
Add this volume of acid to the alkali (NO INDICATOR)
Heat and evaporate to form crystals
ACID + CARBONATE -----> SALT + WATER + CARBON DIOXIDE
Obtaining the crystals
Add enough carbonate to the acid until no more dissolves
Filter the unreacted metal carbonate
Evaporate until solution is halved
Leave to cool and crystallise