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A-Level Product Design - In Class: Paper 2 (Material Optimisation…
A-Level Product Design - In Class: Paper 2
Material Optimisation
Identifying the best choices from design alternatives
Optimum use of materials
Manufacturability / ease of assembly
Quality
Performance
Size and weight
Design features
Sustainability
Ultimate aim of the iterative design process
Ensures that the product has the most optimal design
A design that will most efficiently and effectively meet the needs of the stakeholders and users
Whilst using resources efficiently and being good for the environment
Can reduce time lead on the product
Structural Integrity
Triangulation
Adding cross members to a rectangular frame to give for added rigidity
Material Stiffening
Achieved by adding folds, ribs or webs
Corner braces
Cross members
Gusset plates
Fossil Fuels
Concentrated organic compounds found in the earth's crust
Remains of dead plants and animals from millions of years ago
Shale gas
Found trapped in rocks
Extracted by fracking
Oil
Found trapped in rocks
Extracted by fracking
Environmental impact
Burning fuels produces waste products:
Sulphur Dioxide
Nitrogen dioxide
Carbon dioxide - contributes to global warming
Coal
Mined out of the earth, found in coal deposits
Finite reasources - will eventually run out
Large impact on the environment from mining / extraction as well as burning of them to produce energy
Renewable Energy
Wind
Wind turns turbine -> turbine powers generator -> energy is produced
Pros:
Clean renewable energy resource
Doesn't cost much to run
Can be used in remote areas or offshore to minimise impact on people
Can be installed on existing farmland
Cons:
Expensive to install
Damaging to wildlife such as birds
Considered an eyesore, especially in areas of country side
Can be noisy or cause shadow flicker (both of which could have negative effects on people in residential areas near by)
No wind, now power, thus upredictable
Solar (Photovoltaic cells)
Convert light into energy
Pros:
Low maintenance costs
Can be used on a small, residential scale or within a large farm setting
Can be used in remote areas
Can help reduce the cost of bills (residential setting)
Cons:
Expensive to install
Unpredictable - no sun, no energy
Tidal Barrage
Built across river estuary
Turbines turn as tide goes in and out which powers a generator, creating electricity
Pros:
Reliable as tides will always go in and out
Low maintenance cost
No waste or pollutants produced
Cons:
Expensive to set up
Can be damaging to the environment
Will only generate power at set times in the day ( when the tide goes in and out)
Biomass
The burning of plant (or animal) mass in order to heat water, create steam, where the steam turn a turbine, powering a generator
Pros:
Can use waste material as fuel
Low cost process
Fuel is readily alliable
Renewable as plants can be grown quickly in place of what was used
Cons:
Produces air pollutants as the materials are burned
Requires large amounts of fuel
Requires large amount of fuel to produce energy
Maths:
Graphs
Percentages
Length
Volume
Area