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communication of relationship (Foundations of Relationships (Distinguish…

- - - - meet emotional, relational, and instrumental needs, as they are intimate, close, and interdependent relationships such as those we have with best friends, partners, or immediate family.
    - - relationships that occasionally meet our needs and lack the closeness and interdependence of personal relationships
  - - - Initiating
        
        people size each other up and try to present themselves favorably
      - Experimenting
        
        where people exchange information and often move from strangers to acquaintances
      - Intensifying “
        
        we indicate that we would like or are open to more intimacy, and then we wait for a signal of acceptance before we attempt more intimacy
      - Integrating
        
        two people’s identities and personalities merge, and a sense of interdependence develops. Even though this stage is most evident in romantic relationships, there are elements that appear in other relationship forms
      - bonding
        
        includes a public ritual that announces formal commitment. These types of rituals include weddings, commitment ceremonies, and civil unions
    - - Differentiating
        
        Differentiating is the reverse of integrating, as we and our reverts back to I and my.
      - Circumscribing
        
        communication decreases and certain areas or subjects become restricted as individuals verbally close themselves off from each other
      - Stagnating
        
        the relationship may come to a standstill, as individuals basically wait for the relationship to end
      - Avoiding”
        
        may be a way to end the awkwardness that comes with stagnation, as people signal that they want to close down the lines of communication
      - terminating
        
        exchanges involve some typical communicative elements and may begin with a summary message that recaps the relationship and provides a reason for the termination
- - - - begins with the onset of puberty and lasts through the teen years. We typically make our first voluntary close social relationships during adolescence as cognitive and emotional skills develop. At this time, our friendships are usually with others of the same age/grade in school, gender, and race, and friends typically have similar attitudes about academics and similar values
    - - Early adulthood encompasses the time from around eighteen to twenty-nine years of age, and although not every person in this age group goes to college, most of the research on early adult friendships focuses on college students. Those who have the opportunity to head to college will likely find a canvas for exploration and experimentation with various life and relational choices relatively free from the emotional, time, and financial constraints of starting their own family that may come later in life.
    - - Adult friendships span a larger period of time than the previous life stages discussed, as adulthood encompasses the period from thirty to sixty-five years old. The exploration that occurs for most middle-class people in early adulthood gives way to less opportunity for friendships in adulthood, as many in this period settle into careers, nourish long-term relationships, and have children of their own.
    - - Friendships in later-life adulthood, which begins in one’s sixties, are often remnants of previous friends and friendship patterns. Those who have typically had a gregarious social life will continue to associate with friends if physically and mentally able, and those who relied primarily on a partner, family, or limited close friends will have more limited, but perhaps equally rewarding, interactions. Friendships that have extended from adulthood or earlier are often “old” or “best” friendships that offer a look into a dyad’s shared past.
  - - - Friendships are voluntary interpersonal relationships between two people who are usually equals and who mutually influence one another
    - - Reciprocal friendships are what most people would consider the ideal for best friends.
    - - . These friendships are likely to be maintained out of convenience or to meet instrumental goals.
    - - a status differential that makes the relationship asymmetrical. Unlike the other friendship types that are between peers, this relationship is more like that of a supervisor-subordinate or clergy-parishioner
    - - relationships have the closeness of a friendship and the sexual activity of a romantic partnership without the expectations of romantic commitment or labels
  - - - These friendships diminish in late childhood and early adolescence as boys and girls segregate into separate groups for many activities and socializing, reemerge as possibilities in late adolescence, and reach a peak potential in the college years of early adulthood. Later, adults with spouses or partners are less likely to have cross-sex friendships than single people
- - - - Family Interaction Rituals
        
        Families engage in a variety of rituals that demonstrate symbolic importance and shared beliefs, attitudes, and values. Three main types of relationship rituals are patterned family interactions, family traditions, and family celebrations
      - Patterned family interactions
        
        most frequent rituals and do not have the degree of formality of traditions or celebrations. Patterned interactions may include mealtime, bedtime, receiving guests at the house, or leisure activities. Mealtime rituals may include a rotation of who cooks and who cleans, and many families have set seating arrangements at their dinner table.
      - Family traditions
        
        more formal, occur less frequently than patterned interactions, vary widely from family to family, and include birthdays, family reunions, and family vacations. Birthday traditions may involve a trip to a favorite restaurant, baking a cake, or hanging streamers.
      - family celebrations
        
        formal, have more standardization between families, may be culturally specific, help transmit values and memories through generations, and include rites of passage and religious and secular holiday celebrations.