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Debates (Nature vs Nurture (Nature - behaviour is determined
by genetics,…
Debates
Nature vs Nurture
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Link to Free Will vs Determinism - both nature and nurture view human behaviour in a very deterministic way, neither account for free will
Reductionism vs Holism - both nature and nurture are reductionist as they only reference one factor e.g. genes or experiences
Reductionism vs Holism
Link to Free Will vs Determinism - reductionist would ignore
the influence of free will and look to identify one factor that control human behaviour
Link to nature nurture - both sides suggest that behaviour is
down to NATURE or NURTURE, reducing it into single factors. Holism links to the interactionist position within the debate
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Link to Psych as a science - through the scientific approach of hypothesis testing and variable control, they may seek to reduce explanations to simple, single factors
Freewill vs Determinism
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Link to Nature vs Nurture - both sides of the debate suggest behaviour is determined as a result of either nature of nurture
Link to reductionism vs holism - determinism suggests behaviour is controlled by a specific factor which links to reductionism
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Ethical Considerations
Ethical - it upholds the dignity and worth of all
individuals by understanding the importance of consent,
protection from harm etc
Milgram - carried out before ethical guidelines were put into place, emds justify the means, helped to explain about what happened in Nazi Germany
Casey - provided long term benefits for those involved in the study as their adherence to the medicine improved
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Link to usefulness - unethical research may damage the reputation of psychology which may reduce the credibility of the research findings, which would reduce it's usefulness
Link to Psych as a Science - unethical research cannot always be replicated, which is a feature of science, so unethical research may not support Psych as a Science
Psych as a science
Psych is a science - research that show cause and effect,
have the ability to be falsified, are replicable and objective, controls and manipulates variables and ensures standardisation
Milgram - studied obedience in a highly scientific manner, controlled extraneous variables and used a highly standardized procedure
Simons and Chabris - used high controls when conducting his study, making it replicable e.g. the video was played for 75 seconds for each participant
Psych is not a science - research that does not possess the
scientific criteria but the belief that human behavior is too complex to be studied in such a scientific manner
Chaney - field experiment means there was reduced control over extraneous variables which might reduce the validity of the research e.g. we don't know how efficient the parents were in using the inhaler and how much they fought back if the child didn't want to take it
Link to reductionism vs holism - through scientific approaches towards hypothesis testing and variable control, researchers may see to reduce explanations for behavior to simple, single factors
-Links to ethics - researchers attempt to take an objective approach to the study of human participants, while also considering their well being and the nature of the researcher-participant relationship and these objectives are often in conflict e.g. the use of deception
Usefulness of research
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Link to Psych as a Science - if research isn't useful then
it isn't scientific, visa versa.
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