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geosohere (crust (to vary between certain limits (in thickness from 6 km…
geosohere
crust
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layer of the Earth. It is also the thinnest. It is made up of rocky materials in a solid state which form the continents and ocean bottoms. It ranges
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The continental crust makes up the continents and the shallow areas of the oceans. Its thickness ranges from 25 km to 70 km and is formed by lighter rocks such as granite, limestone, sandstone, slate and gneiss.The oceanic crust makes up the ocean floor. Its thickness ranges from 6 km to 10 km and it is formed by denser rocks than the continental crust, like basalt and gabbro.
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The mantle is the layer that lies directly under the crust and extends to a depth of 2 900 km. It is the thickest layer and contains both solid rocky materials, and fluid and viscous materials. The mantle is, in turn, divided into two layers: the upper mantle and the lower mantle.
The upper part of the mantle is composed mostly of peridotite, a magmatic rock which is denser than the common rocks found in the crust.The lower mantle is even denser and contains a greater amount of iron than the upper mantle.
It is in the mantle where magma, a mixture of minerals, water vapour and other gases at high temperatures, is formed. When volcanoes erupt, magma breaks through the Earth’s crust to the surface.
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