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Chemistry - Joel (Physical Change (Condensation (gas to liquid), Melting…
Chemistry - Joel
Physical Change
Condensation (gas to liquid)
Melting (solid to liquid)
Freezing (liquid to solid)
Sublimation (solid to gas)
Deposition (gas to solid
Evaporation (liquid to gas)
Chemical Reactions
Odour
Smells has changed,
Colour
Colour change is a chemical reaction
Litmus test
Temperature
Heat
Mixing
Some elements can create things when mixed together
HCl + NaOH = Salt + Water
Atomic Structure
Atoms are made of neutrons, electrons and protons
Protons have positive charge
Electrons have negative charge
Valence electrons orbit around the atom on valence shells
Electron Configuration - distribution of electrons orbiting around an atom
e.g Hydrogen (H) has a electron configuration of 1, with one electron orbiting the atom
Whereas Magnesium (Mg) has an electron configuration of 2, 8, 2, with 2 electrons orbiting the atom in the first shell, 8 electrons orbiting in the second shell, and 2 electrons orbiting in the outermost shell
Neutrons have no charge
Atomic Number - number of protons in the nucleus of an element
Atomic Mass - total number of protons and neutrons in an atom
Periodic Table of the Elements
Elements are the original forms of everything (apart from atoms and smaller.)
there are 118 elements
Separated into groups (columns) and periods (rows)
Periods reflect the electron configuration (number of valence shells) and groups reflect the number of electrons in the outermost shell, excluding transition metals
Main Groups of elements
Alkali Metals, Alkali Earth Metals, Lanthanoids, Actinoids, Transition Metals, Post-Transition Metals, Metalloids, Other nonmetals, Noble Gases
Every element 'wants to be' a noble gas
Will try and get more electrons to change elements
even steal electrons from other elements
Photons are not part of an atom, as it is simply a particle with no mass, even though it sounds like is should belong with electrons, neutrons and protons.