HISTORY OF COMPUTERS
"Turing Machine" - a mathematical model of computation that could decide formal languages and compute functions, this would later allow for the advancement of memory cards in computers
(#1 ) Jacquard Loom (1804) - simplified the process of manufacturing textiles, used replaceable punch cards to control a sequence of operations that inspired computing hardware
J.V. Atanasoff / Clifford Berry - these two created the first automatic electronic digital computer, it computed the solutions of linear equations
ENIAC - the first Turing complete computer and was able to solve many numerical problems
COBOL / FORTRAN - FORTRAN was the first computer language and COBOL is advanced version of FORTRAN more capable for business use.
Integrated Circuit - a set of electronic circuits on once small flat piece of semiconductor material, made electronics become smaller and less bulky
GUI - allowed users to interact with electronic devices through graphical icons and visual indicators, basically it made using and understanding a computer easier
DRAM - a type of random access memory typically used for data or program codes that a computer processor needs to function, has a simple design, speed, and a low cost compared to other types of memory
Floppy Disk - used to store data and back up important information, this was, at the time, the best way of retaining information, inspired devices of Flash and other optical storage
Ethernet - provides a fast, efficient and direct connection to a router, the Internet Protocol is commonly carried over Ethernet and so it is considered one of the key technologies that make up the Internet
The Personal Computer - a personal computer whose size, capacities, and cost made it possible for individual use, was the first of many computers built for normal citizens
Microsoft (founding) - Paul Allen and Bill Gates found Microsoft. They develop, manufactures, licenses, supports and sell computer software, consumer electronics, personal computers, and related services. By the late 1980s, they were the world's biggest personal computer software company.
Apple (founding) - founded in 1976, when they released Apple 2, it was one of the first computers to be made and sold for individual use and to include a keyboard, not to mention it had an integrated switch-mode power supply and a lid that would pop off to allow insertions of daughter boards (it was hugely influential and many of these designs can be seen repeated in later products, like the IBM PC)
VisiCalc / Word Star - Visicalc was the first spreadsheet computer program for personal computers and is often considered the application that turned the microcomputer from a hobby for computer enthusiasts into a serious business tool. Word Star was the first commercially successful word processing software program produced for microcomputers and the best selling software program of the early eighties.
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Apple "Lisa" - one of the first personal computers to offer a graphical user interface in a machine aimed at individual business users, inspired Macintosh
Microsoft Windows - Originally, windows was just a graphical extension for MS-DOS, but then Microsoft Windows NT came out which was heavily based on their copy of the OS/2 code but with a new modular kernel and the Win32 application programming interface, making porting from 16-bit Windows easier. Then, Microsoft Office came out and this bundled separate productivity applications, such as Microsoft Word and Microsoft Excel. Next, Microsoft launched Windows 3.0, featuring streamlined user interface graphics and improved protected mode capability for the Intel 386 processor. Both Office and Windows became dominant in their respective areas.
Symbolics.com - this was the world's first and oldest registered .com domain name on the Internet which obviously inspired many URL and domain names of other websites
HTML - This is the standard markup language for creating web pages and web applications and said to be why web pages are interesting to look at. It is a form of programming language that is used to make web pages on the internet viewable. Prior to the introduction of HTML, the designing of a web page was limited to a notepad and the use of your imagination. With the introduction of HTML code, there was no need to type in HTML from scratch.
Google - a revolutionary browser that didn't have a different box for URL and search, had minimal interface so that there are less distractions, used/uses V8 JavaScript engine which is multiple times faster than nearest competitor, had/has a quick release cycle, and updates by itself
Wi-Fi - a popular wireless networking technology that uses radio waves to provide wireless high-speed Internet and network connection, enabled a number of consumer electronics and computing devices to become interconnected and exchange information
Facebook - an American online social media and social networking that sort of replaced email and made connecting to others all over the world easier
Youtube - an American video-sharing website, made sharing videos with others and accessing public videos easier
iPhone - It was the iPhone that brought the touch screen into mainstream acceptance and use.
iPad - The significance of the iPad is that anyone can start using it without any training whatsoever. It’s also a computer that no longer requires technical support. The main user interface is controlled through hand gesture so it does whatever the user makes it do.
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IBM (1944) - one of the earliest computers, used punch card technology (similar to the Jacquard Loom) and plugboards