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UNIT5 (public–private dichotomy, three perspectives (A. socialism and the…

- - - - facilitates planning, regulations and standardization. equity between recipients and the efficiency in the delivery are enhanced
      - allows the principles of distributional justice. enabling existing inequalities to be challenged and rectified.
      - enable goods and services to be allocated according to need.
      - maximum public accountability and maximum commitment to public interest.
      - maximizes social value and promote social cohesion
    - - allocating resources according to needs: distributional equity which challenges and rectifies inequality. enhance the equity and efficiency in the delivery goods and services. maximum the public accountability and commitment to public interest.
      - state's provision of good and services check and balance the ills of the free market.
  - - - state as a realm of coercion and the market as a realm of freedom
      - state planning constrains both individual
        freedom and market spontaneity.
      - principle of liberty demands that governments should be restricted to providing the basic conditions that make commerce possible
      - No government is capable of
        ‘knowing’ the interests
      - Public choice theorists
        
        rejection of the concept of ‘public interest’, belief in minimal state intervention, and rigid individualism.
        
        actors are defined as rational, self-seeking agents capable of calculating the costs and benefits of particular courses of action
        
        there are irrational individuals
        
        public choice theory also accepts that the state has a role toplay in sustaining and regulating public order
    - - non-excludability :individuals and groups cannot be prevented from using them
      - indivisible their use cannot be divided up
        among individuals and groups.
      - Problem
        
        vulnerable to ‘free riders
        
        problem can only be resolved by the intervention of some coercive body, (i.e. the state) that is capable of extracting taxes from citizens, ensuring the continued production of public goods.
      - neo-liberals talk about the
        ‘subjective preferences’ of individuals.
- - - - relationship between physical space and activities undertaken on it.
    - - subject to varying degree of openness and closure EG:A public library is open to all. A private library is open only to members and their guests.
    - - publicness and privateness in term of person of right to occupy a particular location .EG:locations where individuals may be denied the right of access ( private culb). locations are public, where such access is unlimited (e.g. public parks).