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Digestive and Urinary system (urinary diseases (bladder cancer (affects…
Digestive and Urinary system
Digestive
digestion is processed by chemical and mechanical ways
the digestion process starts from the mouth and ends out in the rectum where it goes through the anus for waist to be left out of our bodies.
organs
esophagus
has 4 layers of wall
it is located in back of the trachea
it runs from the pharynx to the stomach
it has the ability to relax its muscle to let any large pice of food to come through
Mouth
the mouth is where food enters in the digestion tract
food is broken up though mastication
passage way for food
esophagus
Pharynx
stomach
breaks down food in small portions by its acid
gastric acid
it also create mucous
viscous physical barrier
to protect the acid from doing any harm
rugae-folds of mucus
the stomach is composed of the cardia thats connected to the esophagus
fundus and body
the leaving from the pylorus
small intestine
small but long intestine
absorption of nutrients and minerals from food
connected to the stomach and large intestine
villi
absorbs nutrients
composed of
jejunum
iluem
duedonum
secretion
large intestine
thick and short intestine
last part of the gastrointestinal tract
water is absorbed here and the remaining waste material is stored as feces
mass movement "propulsion"
rectum
the rectum stores feces
it is the end attached to the large intestine and anus
it's usually empty
Anus
in opening where feces leaves the body
the end of the digestive system
Urinary
filters blood: plasma, volume, glucosa and pressure
release of hormones
ADH- reduces water loss
renin-blood regulate
structures
ureter
connects kidney to bladder
carries urine to bladder that is made in the kidney
bladder
stores urine allowing to control fluids inside the body
holds 600 or more mil-liters of urine
has 3 openings
Kidney
looks like a bean
below your ribs and deep inside the organs
help the body pass waste as urine
filters waste
the chemicals from the blood are turned into urine
digestion
peristalsis
food movement
smooth muscle contraction of food movement
segmenation
smooth muscle back and forth contractions to mix and break food down
digestive enzymes
help us to digest the foods
Proteases
breaks down protein
into peptides small amino acids
Lipases
breaks down fat into fatty acids
Amylases
breaks down carbohydrates
starch into sugar
GI disorders
common disorders
Acid Reflux
most common this is due to esophageal sphincter becomes weak or relaxes when it shouldn't
also known as heart burns=GERD
Anatomic Problems
forms in lower portion of GI tract
formed in birth affect large intestine or anus
it twist the tubes
layers of the GI tract
the tract has 4 layers
first layer is called the Mucosa deepest
underneath it is the submucosa
then by the muscularis propria
then the outer layer is the adventitia
stomach
serosa outer
musccularis
submucosa
mucosa deepest
urinary diseases
bladder cancer
affects elders
cause exposure to chemicals,smoking or radiation. etc
it is treatable
Kidney Stones
deposits of minerals and acid salts that stick together in concentrated urine
look like pebles
blood in the urine
drinking lots of water can help but doctor must remove them
Bladder Diseases