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假设，假定 (suppose (3.[not in progressive,不用进行式] formal to expect that…
假设，假定
suppose
to think that something is probably true, based on what you know基于自己知道的东西，认为，料想，猜想，假定SYN PRESUME •There were many more deaths than was first supposed. 死亡人数远远超过最初的预料。
•(= it is unlikely that ) he’s lying. 没有理由认为他在说谎。
suppose (that)•What makes you suppose we’re going to sell the house? 你凭什么认为我们准备卖掉这栋房子？
1.be supposed to do/be sth used to say what someone should or should not do, especially because of rules or what someone in authority has said 应该做某事/是某事物•We’re supposed to check out of the hotel by 11 o’clock. 我们应该在 11 点之前从酒店退房。•I’m not supposed to tell anyone. 我不能告诉任何人的。•What time are you supposed to be there? 你应该几点到那儿？
1.I suppose used to say you think something is true, although you are uncertain about it我想,我认为〔用于认为某事属实,但不敢肯定〕
•So things worked out for the best, I suppose.,
‘Aren’t you pleased?’
‘Yes, suppose so.’
那么,我想事情有了最好的结果。
,“你不高兴吗？”
“不,我想我很高兴。”
2.I don’t suppose (that) used to ask a question in an indirect way, especially if you think the answer will be ‘no’〔用于婉转地提出问题,尤用于认为得到的回答为否定回答时〕•I don’t suppose you have any idea where my address book is, do you? 我想你不知道我的通讯录在哪儿,是吧？ used to ask for something in a very polite way〔用于很礼貌地提出要求〕•I don’t suppose you’d give me a lift to the station? 我能否顺便搭你的车去车站？
3.do you suppose (that)...?used to ask someone their opinion about something, although you know that it is unlikely that they have any more information about the situation than you do你认为…吗？〔用于征询意见,虽然知道对方不大可能掌握更多的信息〕•Do you suppose this is the exact spot? 你觉得就是这个地方吗？
3.[not in progressive,不用进行式] formal to expect that something will happen or be true, and to base your plans on it假定，预期；以…为条件，前提是，•The company’s plan supposes a steady increase in orders. 公司的这个计划前提是订单会稳定地增加。
前提
Premise[ˈpremɪs]
The premises of a business or an institution are all the buildings and land that it occupies in one place. 经营场所; 办公场所• There is a kitchen on the premises. 营业场所内有一个厨房。
2.N-COUNT A premise is something that you suppose is true and that you use as a basis for developing an idea. 前提• The premise is that schools will work harder to improve if they must compete. 前提是各学校如必须竞争就会更加努力改进。
precondition
If one thing is a precondition for another, it must happen or be done before the second thing can happen or exist. 先决条件• They have demanded the release of three prisoners as a precondition for any negotiation. 他们要求释放3名囚犯作为谈判的先决条件。
presupposition
A presupposition is something that you assume to be true, especially something that you must assume is true in order to continue with what you are saying or thinking. (尤指必须的)假设; 预想; 预设• ...the presupposition that human life must be sustained for as long as possible. ...必须让人的生命得以尽可能延长的这种假设。
used to say that you think it is unlikely something will happen我以为不会〔用于表示某事不大可能发生〕•I don’t suppose I’ll ever see her again. 我想我再也不会见到她了。
used when agreeing to let someone do something, especially when you do not really want to我想〔尤用于表示勉强同意某人做某事〕•‘Can we come with you?’ ‘Oh, I suppose so.’ “我们可以跟你一起去吗？”“噢,我看可以吧。”
used when saying in an angry way that you expect something is true我看〔用于生气地表示预料某事属实〕 used to say that you think that something is probably true, although you wish it was not and hope someone will tell you it is not恐怕 used when guessing that something is true我猜想•She looked about 50, I suppose. 我看她大约 50 岁左右。
be supposed to do. used to say what was or is expected or intended to happen, especially when it did not happen 本应[本该]做某事/是某事物〔用于表示某事本应发生而没有发生〕•No one was supposed to know about it. 不应该有人知道此事的。•The meeting was supposed to take place on Tuesday, but we’ve had to postpone it. 会议本应该在周二召开的，但我们不得不将它推迟了。•The new laws are supposed to prevent crime. 这些新法令本该起到预防犯罪的作用。
used to say that something is believed to be true by many people, although it might not be true or you might disagree 被相信[被认为]做某事/是某事物•The castle is supposed to be haunted. 这座城堡据说闹鬼。•‘Dirty Harry’ is supposed to be one of Eastwood’s best films. 《辣手神探夺命枪》被认为是伊斯特伍德的最佳影片之一。•Mrs Carver is supposed to have a lot of money据说卡弗夫人很有钱。
assume
2.V-T If someone assumes power or responsibility, they take power or responsibility. 接受 (权利、责任)• Mr. Cross will assume the role of CEO with a team of four directors. 克罗斯先生将担任由４位执行官组成的一个团队的首席执行官一职。
3.V-T If you assume a particular expression or way of behaving, you start to look or behave in this way. 做出 (某表情); 采取 (某行为方式)• He managed to assume an air of calm. 他设法表现出一幅平静的样子。
If you assume that something is true, you imagine that it is true, sometimes wrongly. 假设• It is a misconception to assume that the two continents are similar. 假设这两块大陆类似是种错误概念。• If mistakes occurred, they were assumed to be the fault of the commander on the spot. 如果出现了错误，它们就被以为是现场指挥官的错。
presume
If you presume that something is the case, you think that it is the case, although you are not certain. 推测• I presume you're here on business. 我想你是来这儿出差的吧。• "Had he been home all week?"—"I presume so." “他整个星期都在家吗？”—“我想是。”
2.V-T If you say that someone presumes to do something, you mean that they do it even though they have no right to do it. 擅自 (做某事)• They're resentful that outsiders presume to meddle in their affairs. 他们对外人擅自干预他们的事务怨恨不已。
擅自
arbitrary
If you describe an action, rule, or decision as arbitrary, you think that it is not based on any principle, plan, or system. It often seems unfair because of this. 随意的（无原则，无计划，无系统）• Arbitrary arrests and detention without trial were common. 不经审讯随意扣押是常有的。
3.V-T If an idea, theory, or plan presumes certain facts, it regards them as true so that they can be used as a basis for further ideas and theories. 假定 (某事实) 为真• The legal definition of "know" often presumes mental control. “知情”的法律界定通常以思维控制力为前提。
supposition[,sʌpə'zɪʃən]
A supposition is an idea or statement which someone believes or assumes to be true, although they may have no evidence for it. 假设; 猜想• There's a popular supposition that we're publicly funded but the bulk of our money comes from competitive contracts. 人们普遍假设我们是受公共基金的资助，但我们大部分的资金是通过签订竞争性合同得到的。
2.N-UNCOUNT You can describe someone's ideas or statements as supposition if you disapprove of the fact that they have no evidence to support them. 主观臆测• The report has been rejected by the authorities, who said much of it was based on supposition or inaccuracy. 当局驳回了该报告，称其中许多内容来源于主观臆测，并不准确。
assumption
If you make an assumption that something is true or will happen, you accept that it is true or will happen, often without any real proof. 假设• You would be making an assumption that's not based on any fact that you could report. 你会做出不以你能报道的任何事实为依据的一种假设。
prerequisite
If one thing is a prerequisite for another, it must happen or exist before the other thing is possible. 先决条件• Good self-esteem is a prerequisite for a happy life. 良好的自尊心是幸福生活的先决条件。