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The Digestive/ Urinary system (layers of the GI tract (mouth (opening into…
The Digestive/ Urinary system
major functions of the digestive and urinary system
digestive system
consists of organs that are involved in the breaking down of food into molecules that can pass though the wall of the digestive tract and can be taken up by the cells.
urinary system
regulate the balance of salt and water in your blood.
major organs of the digestive and urinary system
digestive
small intestine
large intestine
anus
Salivary glands
Pharynx
Esophagus
Stomach
Rectum
urinary
liver
kidney
ureters
Bladder
Urethra
layers of the GI tract
mouth
opening into the oral cavity oral cavity
pharynx
oropharynx located posteriorly to mouth, passage for food, water and air
esophagus
collapssible tube runs from the in left hypochondria region
small intestine
moscular tube extending from the pyloric sphincter to the ileocecal valve
large intestine
site of absorption : of water and electrolytes , produces vitamins
anus
eliminates feces from rectum to exterior
liver
The liver also detoxifies chemicals and metabolizes drugs. As it does so, the liver secretes bile that ends up back in the intestines
salivary glands
The salivary glands in mammals are exocrine glands that produce saliva through a system of ducts. Humans have three paired major salivary glands
stomach
When food enters the stomach, muscles in the stomach mixes and mashes the food.
pancreas
Pancreatic juices contain enzymes that help digest food in the small intestine.
gall bladder
Its primary function is to store and concentrate bile, a yellow-brown digestive enzyme produced by the liver
rectum
rectal ampulla, where feces are stored before their release via the anal canal.
nephron
anatomy
At one end of each nephron, in the cortex of the kidney, is a cup-shaped structure called the Bowman's capsule. It surrounds a tuft of capillaries called the glomerulus that carries blood from the renal arteries into the nephron, where plasma is filtered through the capsule
physiology
, the smallest functional unit of the kidney. Each nephron begins with a filtration component that filters the blood entering the kidney.
mechanical digestion
mouth
mechanical digestion includes chewing and swallowing
stomach
includes peristaltic mixing and propulsion and absorption of lipid-soluble substances such as alcohol and aspirin
small intestine
mixing and propulsion, primarily by segmetation and absorption of peptides, amino acids, glucose , fructose fats water, minerals and vitamins
large intestine
segmental mixing and porpulsion ans absorption of ioons, water and organic molecules
enzyme
salivary - lingual lipase
salivary amylase
begins the digestive process by breaking down starch when you chew your food, converting it into maltose, a smaller carbohydrate
small intestine
a-dextrins
thickening agents in food processing, and as binding agent in pharmaceuticals. In pyrotechnics, they are added to fire formulas, allowing them to solidify as pellets or "stars.
trypsinogen
storage of an inactive form of trypsin so that it may be kept in the pancreas and released in significant amount when required for protein digestion
lactose
is composed of glucose and galactose, two simpler sugars used as energy directly by our body.
maltose
Our body can absorb maltose, which can later be broken into individual glucose molecules and then be used as energy.
nucleotides
as energy carriers, components of enzyme cofactors, and chemical messengers.
disorders
bladder infections
usually cased by bacteria
enlarged prostate
this can make it difficult to empty bladder
incontinence
when urine leaks out of the urethra
kidney infections
when a bladder infection back up the ureters
kidney stones
caused by infection and high blood levels of calcium
digestive disorders
crohn
inflammation of the digestive tract
celiac
can not tolerate gluten
cholera
infection of the small intestine caused by the bacterium
jaundice
bile pigment in the bloodstream and bodily tissues that causes yellow to orange skin color
gastroenteritis
infectious syndrome of the stomach lining and the intestine