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Digestive/Urinary System (DISORDERS (Cholecystitis (Inflammation of…

- - - - mechanical digestion begins
      - mixing food with saliva makes bolus
      - chemical digestion by enzymes begin to break down starch
    - - oropharynx
        
        passage of food, water and air
      - laryngopharnx
        
        only passage for air
    - - food from pharynx comes in
      - only opens up to let in food
      - NO digestive function, only food pasasge
    - - receives food from esophagus- CARDIOESOPHAGEAL SPHINCTER
      - food dumps into PYLORIC SPHINCTER into small intestine
      - mechanical digestion by churning
      - food mixes with gastric juice to chime
      - chemical digestion, breakdown of protein begins
    - - Chemical digestion- starch, carbohydrate, protein, lipid-fat
      - site of nutrient absorption
      - duodenum
        
        first portion, attached to stomach, CHEMICAL DIGESTION
      - jejunum
        
        middle section- main site of nutrient absorption
      - ileum
        
        end portion, connected to cecum, some absorption
    - - NO DIGESTION
      - site of absorption of water
      - produces vitamins and eliminates indigestible food from body
      - cecum
        
        1st outpocketing of LI- attached to small intestine
      - colon
        
        ascending transverse, descending and sigmoid colon
      - rectum
        
        stores feces until it is defecated
    - - eliminates feces from rectum to exterior
  - - - mastication
    - - moistens food into bolus
      - contains enzymes
    - - produces enzymes
      - regulates blood sugar with insulin
    - - storage of glycogen, fat soluble, vitamins and iron
      - removal alcohol
    - - stores bile
- - - - Protection against friction
      - Simple columnar in intestine for absorption and secretion
    - - areolar connective tissue
      - Contains blood and lymphatic vessels Iymph nodes for nourishment and immunity
    - - 2 thin layer of smooth muscle help with movement of materials
  - - - Squeeze decrease size of lumen in some areas acts as a sphincter or valve
      - Propulsion
    - - Mouth, pharynx, superior esophagus, and anal sphincter, voluntary muscle
      - Segmentation
- - - - causes
        
        Blockage of gall duct by stones
        
        Digestive tumors
        
        Diet
  - - - causes
        
        Frequent acid reflux
        
        Obesity
        
        Weakened esophageal sphincter
  - - - causes
        
        Causes are unknown
        
        Prossibly genetics
        
        Can be environmental factors
  - - - causes
        
        Gastric juice imbalance
        
        Bacteria infection
        
        Excess in acid production
  - - - causes
        
        Anal intercourse
        
        Obesity
        
        Chronic diarrhea
  - - - causes
        
        Hereditary
        
        Chemical exposure
        
        Diet