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option C ecology and conservation (species and communities (ecological…

- - - - component of an ecosystem which limits the distribution or numbers of a population
      - biotic limiting factors
      - abiotic limiting factors
        
        environmental conditions
        
        pH
        
        temperature
    - - populations have optimal survival conditions within critical minimal and maximal thresholds
      - optimal zone (Central portion of curve which has conditions that favour maximal reproductive success and survivability)
      - stress zone (Regions flanking the optimal zone, where organisms can survive but with reduced reproductive success)
      - intolerance zone (Outermost regions in which organisms cannot survive)
  - - - activity pattern
      - resources it obtains from habitat
      - interaction with other species
      - habitat
    - - Resource partitioning – Both species alter their use of the habitat to divide resources between them (i.e. niche separation)
      - Competitive exclusion (One species uses the resources more efficiently, driving the other species to local extinction)
    - - realised niche (set of conditions used by an organism after including interactions with other species) (where it does live)
        
        actual habitat occupied by an organism in the presence of competing species
      - fundamental niche (entire set of conditions under which an organism can survive and reproduce) (where it could live)
        
        theoretical habitat and may not be fully occupied due to the presence of competing species
      - Some species may not be able to occupy their entire niche due to the presence or absence of other species.
  - - - mutualism
      - commensalism
      - parasitism