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What factors shaped italian foreign policy? (Mussolini's aims and…
What factors shaped italian foreign policy?
Rising Popularity of Nationalism
Soldiers were motivated to fight for the country
Divided Country
Culture clash between north and south
North was industrial and prosperous while the south war rural and agricultural
Northerners ruled the country
North was against economic modernization in the South
WW1 helped trade as well as uniting Italians with the goal to regain italian speaking regions in Austria.
Debt
War united italians
Common frustration for what they didn't gain in the war.
Blame (Common enemy, frustration)
Western powers
Socialism
Domestic Issues (Social, Political, Economic)
Political
Previous politicians such as Orlando and Giolitti were considered weak and ineffective.
Removed opposition eg Matteotti
Emerging new States
Social
Italians were resentful of the post-war treaties
Religion
Catholics and liberals
Economic
Unemployment was high
Economic Inequality (North v South)
Mussolini's aims and motives
Imperial Design - Restore Roman glory
Mussolini regarded imperialism as ‘the eternal, immutable law of life’
Catholicism was a source of ‘the imperial and Latin tradition of Rome’
Supported Capitalism and free markets
Declared war on socialism
Previously a socialist. ‘Only maniacs never change. New facts call for new positions’
Believed in direct involvement
Opportunist
Gave sovereignty to the Vatican as well as more autonomy to unity divided believers.
Restore order/law
Expansionism