Digestive&Urinary System

Major functions of the digestive and urinary systems

Digestive enzymes

Lipases

Proteases

Amylases

Break down protein into small peptides and amino acids

Break down fat into three fatty acids plus a glycerol molecule

Breaks down crabs like starch into simple sugars

Digestive System

Urinary System

Keep stable balance of salts and other substances in the blood

produce erthropetein

Remove liquid waste from the blood n form of urine

Ingestion

Propulsion and segmentation

Digestion

Absorption

Defecation

elimination of indigestible substances

the discharge of feces from the body

the process of breaking down food by mechanical and enzymatic action in the alimentary canal in to substances that ca be used by the body

the process of taking food, drink, or another substance into the body by swallowing or absorbing it

forward movement and mixing of food down the gi tract

Peristalsis

Layers of the GI Tract

Location of digestion and absorption of each marcomoeules

Chemical digestion starts in the month and continues in the small stomach, but most of the process occurs in the SI

Absorption begins in the stomach and takes place in the walls of the SI

Mucosa

Serosa

Muscular Propia

Stomach

Submosa

Made up of simple columnar epithelium; in the stomach and small intestine in the mucosal layer is folded to have secretory glands

Lines the gi tract

simple columnar epithelium

Inner layer

mainly connective tissue with enormous blood supply. in the villi, submucosa also contain special lymphatic vessels, called lateals

Glands

nerve plexuses

Blood vessels

a region of muscle in many organs in the vertebrate body, adjacent to the submucosa' responsible for the gut movement

the tissue of the serous membrane, outer layer of connective tissue

Functions

make chyme

kill bacteria with the strong acidity

initiate digestion of proteins

Store food

Nephron anatomy and physiology

Major organs of the systems

Accessory digestive organs

Major organs

gall bladder

stomach

pancreas

liver

small intestine

Esophagus

Large intestine

pharynx

Salivary glands

rectum

Disorders of the systems

Works through a two-step process

Each nephron consists of a blood supply and a specialized network of ducts called tubule. For each nephron, an afferent arteriole feeds a high pressure capillary be called the glorulus

uses four mechanisms to convert blood into urine; filtration, reabsorption, secretion, and excretion of numerous susbstances

Major two parts

tubule

Renal corpuscle

the bladder

Bladder infections- (cystitis) usually caused by bacteria

Enlarged prostate- in men, this can make it difficult to empty the bladder

bladder diseases

interstitial cysitis

kidney stones

Ostomy

Bladder cancer

Urinary incontinence

Urinalysis