Digestive&Urinary System
Major functions of the digestive and urinary systems
Digestive enzymes
Lipases
Proteases
Amylases
Break down protein into small peptides and amino acids
Break down fat into three fatty acids plus a glycerol molecule
Breaks down crabs like starch into simple sugars
Digestive System
Urinary System
Keep stable balance of salts and other substances in the blood
produce erthropetein
Remove liquid waste from the blood n form of urine
Ingestion
Propulsion and segmentation
Digestion
Absorption
Defecation
elimination of indigestible substances
the discharge of feces from the body
the process of breaking down food by mechanical and enzymatic action in the alimentary canal in to substances that ca be used by the body
the process of taking food, drink, or another substance into the body by swallowing or absorbing it
forward movement and mixing of food down the gi tract
Peristalsis
Layers of the GI Tract
Location of digestion and absorption of each marcomoeules
Chemical digestion starts in the month and continues in the small stomach, but most of the process occurs in the SI
Absorption begins in the stomach and takes place in the walls of the SI
Mucosa
Serosa
Muscular Propia
Stomach
Submosa
Made up of simple columnar epithelium; in the stomach and small intestine in the mucosal layer is folded to have secretory glands
Lines the gi tract
simple columnar epithelium
Inner layer
mainly connective tissue with enormous blood supply. in the villi, submucosa also contain special lymphatic vessels, called lateals
Glands
nerve plexuses
Blood vessels
a region of muscle in many organs in the vertebrate body, adjacent to the submucosa' responsible for the gut movement
the tissue of the serous membrane, outer layer of connective tissue
Functions
make chyme
kill bacteria with the strong acidity
initiate digestion of proteins
Store food
Nephron anatomy and physiology
Major organs of the systems
Accessory digestive organs
Major organs
gall bladder
stomach
pancreas
liver
small intestine
Esophagus
Large intestine
pharynx
Salivary glands
rectum
Disorders of the systems
Works through a two-step process
Each nephron consists of a blood supply and a specialized network of ducts called tubule. For each nephron, an afferent arteriole feeds a high pressure capillary be called the glorulus
uses four mechanisms to convert blood into urine; filtration, reabsorption, secretion, and excretion of numerous susbstances
Major two parts
tubule
Renal corpuscle
the bladder
Bladder infections- (cystitis) usually caused by bacteria
Enlarged prostate- in men, this can make it difficult to empty the bladder
bladder diseases
interstitial cysitis
kidney stones
Ostomy
Bladder cancer
Urinary incontinence
Urinalysis