Digestive & Urinary System

Major functions of the
digestive and urinary systems

major organs of the digestive and urinary systems

layers of the GI tract

disorders of the digestive and urinary systems

Nephron anatomy and physiology

digestive
enzymes

location of digestion & absorption of each
macromolecule

digestive

urinary

breakdown o food into molecules that can pass through the wall of the digestive tract & taken up by cells

help the body to eliminate liquid waste called urea, and to keep chemicals, such as potassium and sodium, and water in balance

the structure that actually produces urine in the process of removing waste and excess substances from the blood

afferent arteriole: feeds a high-pressure capillary bed called the glomerulus

glomerulus: filter blood to produce a fluid which is caught by the nephron tubule

glomerular (Bowman’s) capsule: combined with gomerulus is the renal corpuscle

proximal convoluted tubule (PCT), loop of Henle and distal convoluted tubule (DCT): filtered fluid travels through these before exiting nephron

efferent arteriole: forms a second capillary network around the tubule, called the peritubular capillaries

digestive

urinary

Two kidneys: purplish-brown organs is located below the ribs toward the middle of the back

Mouth: anterior opening of the alimentary canal

Salivary Glands: produce saliva in the oral cavity

Stomach: sac-like organ

SI: long tube, which loosely coils in the abdomen area

pancreas: secretes enzymes which help in the breakdown protein, fat, and carbohydrate

liver: secretes bile and cleanses and purifies the blood coming from the small intestine

gallbladder: stores the bile that the liver produces

LI: long muscular tube that has different parts, which are caecum, colon, and rectum

ureters: narrow tubes carry urine from the kidneys to the bladder

Bladder: triangle-shaped, hollow organ located in the lower abdomen

Urethra: tube allows urine to pass outside the body

digestion: process of breaking down larger food molecules into smaller ones

mechanical: physical breakdown of food by cutting & grinding

chemical: requires enzymes

absorption

transport of digested end product into blood & lymph through the wall of GI tract

duodenal enzyme: enzymes in duodenum digest all food groups but requires neutral pH work

pepsin: protein digestive enzyme in the stomach

pancreas: produces digestive enzymes lipase, releases enzymes into duodenum

mucosa: lining epithelium, an underlying layer of loose connective tissue called the lamina propria & he muscularis mucosa for local movement of the mucosa


submucosa: loose connective tissue layer, with larger blood vessels, lymphatics, nerves, and can contain mucous secreting glands


Muscularis propria: to move food down through the gut

serosa: Outermost layer of loose connective tissue that contains blood vessels, lymphatics and nerves.

digestive

urinary

Jaundice: result from blockage of the ducts draining bile from the liver into the intestines or excessive breakdown of red blood cells

Nephrosis: a noninflammatory disease of kidneys

Cirrhosis: degenerative disease of the liver that often develops in chronic alcoholics

Dysphagia: Difficulty swallowing

Crohn’s Disease: chronic inflammatory disease primarily of the bowel

Peritonitis: Inflammation of the lining of the abdominal cavity

Nephrolith: a kidney stone

Urethritis: inflammation of the urethra

Nocturia: frequently getting up and urinating during the night

Enuresis: involuntary release of urine, most often in reference to “bedwetting.