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Geography - Overview of the UK's Physical Landscapes (Continued) (The…
Geography - Overview of the UK's Physical Landscapes (Continued)
UK Rocks
Characteristics
Sedimentary Rock - Not very strong, many layers, often contain fossils.
Igneous Rock - Most abundant (Most of), source is magma or lava, never contain fossils.
Metamorphic Rock - Rarely contain fossils, May be foliated/banded,
Distribution
Igneous Rock - North of Scotland and South West England.
Metamorphic Rock - North of Scotland and North East of Ireland.
Sedimentary Rock - South coast of England and East coast of England.
Examples
Sedimentary Rock - Chalk and Sandstone
Metamorphic Rock - Schists and Slates
Igneous Rock - Basalt and Granite
The role of Geology
The UK use to have many active volcanoes, and plate movement within the UK caused massive faults and folds in the rock.
Faults are defined as 'fractures or breaks in the rock'. These folds produced upland areas.
UK upland landscapes are formed of harder, resistant rocks which have eroded at a much slower rate.
These include igneous and metamorphic rock.
Around 300 million years ago, tectonic processes caused molten magma, under intense pressure, to rise through the Earth's crust.Some magma reached the surface as lava, whilst some magma cooled and solidified underground.
Many Lowland UK landscapes are formed from softer rock.
Examples are the North and South Downs, these hills are formed of chalk, with even softer clay in the valleys.
These valleys erode more quickly than the hills this explains the height difference.
Some upland areas are also formed of harder sedimentary rocks. Examples is carboniferous limestone.
Types of plate boundaries
Destructive
Constructive
Conservative
Collision
Definitions
Weathering
This is the breaking down of rock in-situ.
Erosion
This is the breakdown of rock and subsequent transport away from the location.
Mass Movement
This is the movement of material down a slope under the influence of gravity.
Weathering
Chemical Weathering - Acid Rain
Biological Weathering - Tree root growth, animal droppings and burrowing
Mechanical Weathering - Freeze Thaw Weathering
