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Digestive/ Urinary System (Nephron anatomy and physiology (renal cortex…
Digestive/ Urinary System
major organs of the digestive and urinary system (pinkish)
kidneys- filters about 200 liters of fluid daily
urinary bladder- temporary storage reservoir for urine
urethra- transports urine from bladder to external environment
ureters- transports urine from kidneys to bladder
digestive enzymes (including names and functions)
intestinal enzymes produced by brush border cells further breakdown proteins and carbs into their monomers
peptides reduces peptides to amino acids
sucrase reduces surose to glucose and galactose
lactase reduces lactose to glucose and galactose
intestinal lipase reduces fats into fatty acids and glycerol
location of digestion and absorption of each
macromolecule
chemically digested food moves from intestine into blood and lymph small intestine
contains villi and microvilli for absorption
absorbs ; water, fats(lacteals), vitamins, minerals, proteins(blood), carbohydrates
layers of the GI tract (including stomach)
mucosa- mucous membrane = produces mucus for reproduction of friction and proteins
submucosa- areolar connective tissue containing major blood vessels, many elastic fibers to retain shape
submucosa plexus - suntomantic nerve supply, glands and lymphatic tissue
muscularis- muscle layer, two layer of smooth muscle to allow peristalsis and segmentation
inner circular layer- squeeze, decrease size of lumen; in some areas acts as sphincter or valves
outer longitudinal layer- shortens intestine
myenteric plexus- nerves
serosa- outer covering of GI tract, serous membrane = composed of thin layer of areolar connective tissue and simple squamous epithelium
produces serous fluid for lubrication
covers the outside of abdominal organs
attaches the digestive tract to the wall of the abdominopelvic cavity by forming fold called mesenteries
Nephron anatomy and physiology
renal cortex (outer region)
renal medula (inner region)- exhibit medullary pyramids
renal pelvis- inner funnel shape tube, continuous with the ureter leaving the hilum
medullary pyramids- triangular regions of tissue in the medulla
calyces (calynx= singular)- cup shaped structures that collect urine from the medullary pyramids and empty it into the renal
the nephron controls blood, pressure, normalize blood volume, and expel waste from the body
disorders of the urinary and digestive system
cholecystitis - inflammation of the gall bladder
peptic ulcers - sore that develop in the lining of the stomach or the duodenum
gastroesophageal reflux disease(GERD)- esophagus sphincter relaxes allowing the contents of the stomach to move back into the esophagus
colon disease- vlcerative colitis on other
inflammatory bowel disease (IBD)- chronic complex intestinal condition causes inflammation in digestive tract
major functions of the
digestive(green) and urinary system(blue)
elimination of waste products - toxins, drugs, nitrogenous water
regulate aspects of homeostasis- volume and chemical make up of the blood
produce hormones- renin = regulates blood pressure and kidney function/ erythropoletin = red blood cell production
digestive and absorption of food for metabolism
mechanical and chemical digestion