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Melissa Armendarez P.2 Digestive/Urinary System (major organs of the…
Melissa Armendarez P.2 Digestive/Urinary System
major organs of the digestive and urinary systems
gall bladder
stores bile and releases it into the small intestine during digestion
intestines
absorb most of the nutrients and minerals from what we eat and drink
kidneys
filter out waste from blood
rectum
the lower part of your large intestine where your body stores stool
esophagus
a muscular tube connecting the throat with the stomach
pancreas
converting the food we eat into fuel for the body's cells
regulates blood sugar
pharynx
a funnel-shaped tube connected to the posterior end of the mouth
stomach
receives food from the esophagus
secretes acid and enzymes that digest food
mouth
urinary bladder
digestive
enzymes (including names and functions)
Proteases
Break down protein into small peptides and amino acids
Lipases
Break down fat into three fatty acids plus a glycerol molecule
Amylases
Break down carbs like starch into simple sugars
break down food components such as proteins, carbohydrates, and fats
location of digestion and absorption of each
macromolecule
Chemical digestion begins in the mouth with salivary amylase in saliva splitting complex carbohydrates into simple carbohydrates
enzymes and acid in the stomach continue chemical digestion
The digestion of certain fats begins in the mouth, where short-chain lipids break down into diglycerides because of lingual lipase
the bulk of chemical digestion takes place in the small intestine thanks to the action of the pancreas
digestive tract breaks down these macromolecules to liberate their building blocks so that the small intestine can absorb them
Major functions of the
digestive and urinary systems
digestion
the breakdown of food into small molecules
absorption
then absorbed into the body
providing energy and nutrients to the body
Ingestion of food
Secretion of fluids and digestive enzymes
layers of the GI tract (including stomach)
mucosa
innermost layer
absorption and secretion
submucosa
the layer of dense irregular connective tissue or loose connective tissue that supports the mucosa
joins the mucosa to the bulk of underlying smooth muscle
muscularis propria
responsable for gut movement
a region of muscle in many organs in the vertebrate body, adjacent to the submucosa
adventitia
outermost layer
Nephron anatomy and physiology
filtration
reabsorption
secretion
excretion
renal
corpuscle
tubules
disorders of the digestive and urinary systems
Crohn disease
A chronic inflammatory bowel disease that affects the lining of the digestive tract
Celiac disease
An immune reaction to eating gluten, a protein found in wheat, barley, and rye
Cholera
A bacterial disease causing severe diarrhea and dehydration, usually spread in water
irritable bowel syndrome
An intestinal disorder causing pain in the belly, gas, diarrhea, and constipation
