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Digestive/Urinary System Samantha Mauricio Pd2 (Nephron (KIdney) anatomy…
Digestive/Urinary System Samantha Mauricio Pd2
Location of digestion and absorption of each
macromolecule
Monosaccharides
Glucose
Galactose
Fructose
Digestion Protein
Stomach
Pepsin
Small Intestine :
Pancreatic Juice
Brush Border enzymes
Tri/Disaccharides
Maltose
Lactose
Sucrose
Digestion of Lipids
Stomach
lingual and gastric lipase
Small Intestine
Bile, pancreatic lipase
Carbohydrate Digestion
Mouth
salivary amylase
Stomach
little CHO digestion
Small Intestine
Brush Border enzymes
Pancreatic amylase
Digestive Enzymes
Pancreatic lipase
Acts on triglycerides and stored bile (from gallbladder)= helps emulsify large fat globules into smaller water soluble micelles
Lactase
Breaks down sugars in milk
Trypsin
Protein digesting enzyme secreted by the pancreas to act in small intestine
Maltase
Breaks down maltose into glucose and glucose
Pepsin
Protein digesting enzyme produced by stomach
Sucrose
Breaks down sucrose into glucose and fructose
Major functions of the
digestive and urinary systems
Digestive System
Transportation
D:
Absorption
D: passage of nutrients from GI tract into blood or lymph
Digestion
D: the breakdown of large insoluble food molecules into small water-soluble food molecules so that they can be absorbed into the watery blood plasma
Urinary System
Eliminate waste from the body
Regulate blood volume and blood pressure
Control levels of electrolytes
Metabolites
Regulate blood pH.
Layers of the GI tract (including stomach)
Submocosa
D: Layer superficial to the mucosa
F: Major site of blood vessels, lymph vessels, and nerves; in the stomach, it contains elastic fibers to help it regain its shape
Muscularis Externa
D: Layer superficial to the submucosa
F: Moves food through the digestive tract (propulsion); mix food with digestive juices and enzymes (segmentation)
Mucosa
D:Innermost layer that lines the lumen
F: Secretes mucus, enzymes, and hormones; absorbs nutrients into the blood and lymph
Serosa
D: The outermost layer
F: Protection & anchoring
Nephron (KIdney) anatomy and physiology
efferent arteriole
D: The small artery that carries blood away from the capillaries of the glomerulus.
proximal convoluted tubule
D: beginning segment of nephron where 60-65% of the water and virtually all nutrients, electrolytes, and plasma proteins reabsorbed into the blood
afferent arteriole
D: The small artery that carries blood toward the capillaries of the glomerulus.
thick and thin descending limb
D: water is reabsorbed here
Bowman's capsule
D: cup-shaped structure in the upper end of a nephron that encases the glomerulus
thick and thin ascending limb
D: NaCl is reabsorbed here
distal convoluted tubule
D: A portion of kidney nephron between the loop of Henle and the collecting duct system
glomerulus
D: tiny ball of capillaries in the kidney
disorders of the digestive and urinary systems
cholecystitis
D: inflammation of the gallbladder, usually associated with gallstones blocking the flow of bile
diverticulitis
D: develops from diverticulosis, which involves the formation of pouches (diverticula) on the outside of the colon.
pancreatitis
D: acute or chronic inflammation of the pancreas. indicated by high amylase enzyme levels. poor prognosis, idiopathic/alcoho
pancreatic cancer
D: Cancerous tumor of the pancreas. Aka adenocarinoma
Jaundice cause
D: can be gallbladder too bile back up due to obstruction of Hyperbilirubin
scleroderma
D: an autoimmune disorder in which the connective tissues become thickened and hardened, causing the skin to become hard and swollen
orthostatic hypotension
D: decrease in blood pressure related to positional or postural changes from lying to sitting or standing positions
Peritonitis
D:inflammation of the peritoneum (membrane lining the abdominal cavity and surrounding the organs within it)
Major Organs in the Digestive and Urinary System
Urinary System
Ureters
Bladder
Renal Pelvis
Urethra
Kidneys
Digestive System
Esphagous
Stomach
Trachea
Liver
Epiglottis
Gallbladder
Salivary Glands
Appenix
Pharynx
Small and Large Intestine (colon)
Mouth
Pancreas
Rectum
Anus