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Digestive&Urinary System (Major organs of the digestive and urinary,…
Digestive&Urinary System
Major functions of the digestive and urinary system
Urinary
The urinary system, also known as the renal system, produces, stores and eliminates urine, the fluid waste excreted by the kidneys. The kidneys make urine by filtering wastes and extra water from blood. Urine travels from the kidneys through two thin tubes called ureters and fills the bladder.
Digestive
The function of the digestive system is digestion and absorption. Digestion is the breakdown of food into small molecules, which are then absorbed into the body.
Location Digestion and Absorption of each Macromolecule
Chemical digestion begins in the mouth with salivary amylase in saliva splitting complex carbohydrates into simple carbohydrates. The enzymes and acid in the stomach continue chemical digestion, but the bulk of chemical digestion takes place in the small intestine thanks to the action of the pancreas.
Nephron Anatomny and Physiology
A nephron is responsible for removing waste products, stray ions, and excess water from the blood. As the heart pumps the blood, the pressure created pushes small molecules through the capillaries and into the glomerular capsule. This is the, more physical function of the nephron.
At one end of each nephron, in the cortex of the kidney, is a cup-shaped structure called the Bowman's capsule. It surrounds a tuft of capillaries called the glomerulus that carries blood from the renal arteries into the nephron, where plasma is filtered through the capsule.
Disorders of the Urinary and Digestive
Urinary
Cystitis: Caused by bacteria
Incontinence (Men): Urine leaks out of the urethra
Digestive
Cholera
Jaundince
Dysentery
Appendictis
Major organs of the digestive and urinary
Stomach
Small Intestine
Esophagus
Large Intestine
Rectum
Accessory digestive organs: liver, gallbladder, pancreas
Pharynx
Salivary Glands
Urinary System
Sphincter Muscle
Urethra
Bladder
Ureter
Kidney
Digestive enzymes (including names and functions)
Lipases: Break down fat into three fatty acids plus a glycerol molecule
Amylases: Break down carbs like starch into simple sugars
Proteases: Break down protein into small peptides and amino acids
layers of the GI tract (including stomach)
Submucosa
Muscular
Mucosa
Serosa
Stomach
The mucosa surrounds the lumen of the GI tract and consists of an epithelial cell layer supported by a thin layer of connective tissue known as the lamina propria. The muscularis mucosa is a thin layer of smooth muscle that supports the mucosa and provides it with the ability to move and fold.