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Digestive/Urinary System Julianna Soto …
Digestive/Urinary System
Julianna Soto
Period 2
Anatomy & Physiology
major organs of the digestive and urinary systems;
Pharynx.
muscular walls function in the process of swallowing, and it serves as a pathway for the movement of food from the mouth to the esophagus.
Small Intestine
absorption of nutrients and minerals from food, using small finger-like protrusions called villi.
Salivary glands.
produce saliva, which keeps the mouth and other parts of the digestive system moist. It also helps break down carbohydrates
Stomach
secretes acid and enzymes that digest food.
Esophagus
the conduit for food and liquids that have been swallowed into the pharynx to reach the stomach.
Large Intestine.
recovery of water and electrolytes, formation and storage of faeces and fermentation of some of the indigestible food matter by bacteria.
Rectum.
to act as a temporary storehouse for feces
Urethra
Female: tube that carries urine from the bladder to outside of the body
Male:conduit for semen and sperm during sexual acts
kidneys
bean-shaped organs which help the body produce urine to get rid of unwanted waste substances.
ureters
tube that carries urine from the kidney to the urinary bladder
digestive
enzymes (including names and functions);
Lipases
Break down fat into three fatty acids plus a glycerol molecule.
Amylases
Break down carbs like starch into simple sugars.
Proteases
Break down protein into small peptides and amino acids.
location of digestion and absorption of each
macromolecule;
stomach continue chemical digestion, but the bulk of chemical digestion takes place in the small intestine thanks to the action of the pancreas
macromolecules
carbohydrates
energy source and are found in the forms of starch, sugar and fiber.
lipids
digestion
Mouth - no digestion
Stomach - lingual and gastric lipase
Small Intestine - bile, pancreatic lipase
proteins
digestion
Mouth- no digestion
Stomach - pepsin
small intestine- pancreatic juice, brush border enzymes
nucleic acids
carry out cellular processes, especially the regulation and expression of genes.
Chemical digestion begins in the mouth with salivary amylase in saliva splitting complex carbohydrates into simple carbohydrates.
Major functions of the
digestive and urinary systems;
providing energy and nutrients to the body
remove liquid waste from the blood in the form of urine
digestion and absorption
keep a stable balance of salts and other substances in the blood
produce erythropoietin, a hormone that aids the formation of red blood cells
layers of the GI tract (including stomach);
GI Tract
Epithelium
made up of mucous columnar cells
cells produce a thick coating of mucus, that protects the gastric mucosa from acid and enzymes in the lumen
Lamina propria
large layer of connective tissue which separates the innermost layer of epithelial cells from a layer of smooth muscle tissue
muscularis mucosa
Muscularis mucosa
gastric glands and pits, and there is a prominent layer of smooth muscle
helps to expel the contents of the gastric glands
submucosa
Connective tissues support the tissues of the mucosa and connect it to the muscularis layer
provides nutrients to the wall of the stomach.
Muscularis propria
thick layer of muscle that moves and mixes the stomach contents
Adventita
connective tissue covering of an organ, vessel, or other structure
stomach
muscularis
thin layer (lamina) of muscle of the gastrointestinal tract, located outside the lamina propria, and separating it from the submucosa.
submucosa
layer of dense, irregular connective tissue or loose connective tissue that supports the mucosa
serosa
secrete a lubricating fluid to reduce friction from muscle movements.
mucosa
innermost layer, and functions in absorption and secretion. It is composed of epithelium cells and a thin connective tissue. ;contains specialized goblet cells that secrete sticky mucus throughout the GI tract.
Nephron anatomy and physiology;
tubules are split into the proximal tubule, the loop of henle, the distal tubule and the collecting ducts.
convert blood into urine
filtration, reabsorption, secretion, and excretion of numerous substances
nephron of the kidney is made up of two major parts; the renal corpuscle and the tubules
disorders of the digestive and urinary systems.
Appendicitis.
inflammation of the appendix, a finger-shaped pouch that projects from your colon on the lower right side of your abdomen.
Crohn's Disease
inflammation of your digestive tract, which can lead to abdominal pain, severe diarrhea, fatigue, weight loss and malnutrition.
Chronic Constipation
difficult, infrequent, or perceived incomplete evacuation of bowel movements.
Hemorrhoids
swollen veins in your anus and lower rectum, similar to varicose veins
, celiac disease
immune disease in which people can't eat gluten because it will damage their small intestine.
Kidney Stones
solid piece of material that forms in the kidney from substances in the urine. It may be as small as a grain of sand or as large as a pearl.
Urinary Incontinence
involuntary leakage of urine;person urinates when they do not want to