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Digestive/ Urinary System Elina Shibata (Location of Digestion and…
Digestive/ Urinary System Elina Shibata
Major Functions of the Digestive and Urinary Systems
Digestive System
Mixing and movement of food and wastes through the body
Digestion of food into smaller pieces
Absorption of nutrients
Ingestion of food
Excretion of wastes
Secretion of fluids and digestive enzymes
Urinary System
regulate blood volume and blood pressure
control levels of electrolytes and metabolites
eliminate waste from the body
regulate blood pH
Major Organs
Digestive System
large intestine
rectum
small intestine
liver
gallbladder
pancreas
stomach
pharynx
salivary glands
esophagus
Urinary System
bladder
sphincter muscles
ureters
nerves in the bladder
kidney
urethra
Digestive Enzymes
digestive enzymes are secreted by the organs of the digestive system
includes proteases that digest proteins
includes nucleases that digest nucleic acids
Location of Digestion and Absorption of Each Macromolecule
protein
Protein digestion starts later along the digestive tract
fat
digestion of fat: break two of the fatty acids away from the glycerol backbone
starch and sugars
amylases break apart the monosaccharides in amylos
absorbs the monosaccharides into the bloodstream
sugar-digesting enzymes break apart the monosaccharides in two-unit sugars
starch digestion along the digestive tract
fibers
digestive enzymes can't break fiber down
Layers of the GI Tract
Submucosa
Loose Connective Tissue Layer, large blood vessels, lymphatics, nerves, mucous secreting glands
Muscularis Propria
Smooth Muscle Layer, Inner layer is circular, Outer layer is longitudinal
Mucosa; Innermost Layer
Epithelium, Lamina Propria, Muscularis Mucosa,
Adventitia; Outermost Layer
Covered by Visceral Peritoneum, Contains blood vessels, lymphatics, and nerves
Nephron
Anatomy
renal corpuscle and the tubules
subdivided into the glomerulus and the bowmans capsule
Physiology
filter the blood and then alter the composition of this filtrate
Disorders
Digestive System
Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease; stomach acid to reflux into the esophagus and irritate and inflame the lining
Portal hypertension; potential complication of chronic alcoholism resulting in liver damage and obstruction of venous blood flow through the liver
Urinary System
Urinary Tract Infections; bacteria enter the urinary tract
Incontinence; frequent urges to urinate and leakage of urine