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English is a common resource and no longer belongs to the nations that…
English is a common resource and no longer belongs to the nations that promoted its spread
Power of language
Who holds power with English?
Political, economic, social power
Hegemony of English
Regulation of English?
Education?
Who teaches it?
Textbooks?
Which English has linguistic value?
What varieties/dialects?
Speaking and Writing
Values through words
Do non native speakers or non inner circle speakers understand the value of the words?
Emotional value?
Inner Circle countries
How they spread English?
Colonialism
Globalisation
Internet
Social Media
BBC
British Council
Outer and expanding circle
How do they use English?
English the language of business, trade etc
Social, economic properity
Access to global world
Used English in fight against colonialism
Used as lingua franca
Can English be owned?
Multi dialectical. Can native countries own it if most user aren't?
Varieties of English all around the world
What is important for ownership? Using English or the value and power it holds?
Englishes not just one English
Did the inner circle countries ever really own English? It is made up on loan words etc from other languages
Code switching
Creoles/ Pidgin
hybrid languages
Appropriation of English
Context
Who is using English and it what way?
If the English used in other countries is different to English from UK and USA then how can it belong to UK and USA