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digestive and urinary system (layers of GI tract (submucosa (submucosal…
digestive and urinary system
functions of urinary and digestive system
digestive system
consists of organs that are involved in the breaking down of food into molecules that can pass through the wall of the digestive tract and can be taken up by the cells
urinary system
excretion
removal of wastes
elimination
discharge of water products into the the environment
homeostatic regulation
maintaining blood balance and blood pressure
organs of digestive and urinary system
digestive organs
mouth
opening into the oral cavity
oral cavity
area enclosed by the teeth and lips
contains teeth,salivary glands, tonsils and tongue
mechanical digestion by saliva produced by salivary glands, digestion of starch begins
mucosa produces mucus to coat bolus for easier transport initiates of deglutition
tongue allows for sense of taste
immune function by palatine tonsils
pharynx
oropharynx
located posteriorly t mouth, passage for food, water and air
larangopharynx
inferior to oropharynx
involved in degiution, forcing bolus from the mouth to esophagus
esophagus
collapsible tube runs from the larynx to stomach pass through diaphragm
food transported by peristalsis
no digestive functions, only passage for food and water
stomach
located left of the abdominal cavity in left hypochondriac region
food enters at the cardioesophageal sphincter
food empties into duodenum of small intestine at the pyloric sphincter
rugae
internal folds of stomach mucosa
j shaped acts as a storage tank for food
food mixes with gastric juice to make chyme
mechanical digestion by churning
urinary system
urehtra
transport urine out the body
urinary bladder
stores urine
ureters
transport urine from kidney to bladder
kidney
filter blood and produces urine
digestive enzymes
gallbladder store bile produced by liver and released into duodenum when needed
goblet cells produce mucus and provide protective dinning against stomach acid
pepsinoge,in presence of hypochlorite acid, converts pepsinogen to pepsin
enzymes in duodenum digest all foods groups but requires neutral ph to work
produces bile( emulsifies fat/ breaks it down into small fat droplets)
location of digestion and absorption of macromolecule
digestive process
ingestion
taking in food through the mouth
digestion- process of breaking down larger food molecules into smaller molecule
mechanical digestion- physical breakdown of food by cutting and grinding
absorption- transport of digested and product into blood and lymph the wall of gi tract
small enough to pass through small intestinal wall then moves from intestine into blood lymph. be carried to the cells where it is needed.
layers of GI tract
mucous membrane
produces mucus for reduction of friction and protections
epithelium
nonkeratinized stratified squamous in mouth, esophagus, and anus,protection against friction
simple columnar in intestine for absorption and secretion
lamina propria
areolar connective tissue
contains blood and lymphatic vessels and lymph node for nourishment and immunity
muscular mucosal
two thin layers of smooth muscle
submucosa
areolar connective tissue containing major blood vessel
many elastic fibers to retain shape
submucosal plexus
autonomic nerve supply
muscular layer
two layers smooth muscles to allow peristalsis and segmentation
inner circular layer
squeeze, decrease size of lumen in some areas act as sphincter or valves
outer longitudinal layer
shortens intestine
mouth, pharynx, superior esophagus, and anal sphincter
voluntary muscle
also external anal sphincter is skeletal muscle
mesenteric plexus
nerves
serosa
outer covering of the gi tract
serous membrane
composed of thin layer of areolar connective tissue and simple squamous epithelium
produces serous fluid for lubrication
nephron anatomy and physiology
functions of nephron
filtration absorption and secretion
distal convoluted tubule
reabsorption of water sodium ions and calcium ions
secretion of drugs, acids and toxins
proximal convoluted tubule
reabsorption of water ion and organic nutrients
nephron loop
further absorption of water in the descending limb
further absorption of sodium and chloride ions in ascending limbs
disorders of digestive and urinary system
digestive system
pyloric stenosis
narrowing of pyloric sphincter, often found in infants
symp-projectile vomiting
rx-surgery
gastritis
acute or chronic inflammation of the stomach lining
heartburn
acid reflux
symp-burnign sensation
rx- avoid chocolate,peppermint, coffee, citrus etc.
don't lay down two to three hours after eating
hepatitis A
infectious hepatitis
virus related
spread through contaminated food and water
urinary system
urethritis
inflammation of urethra
cystitis
inflammation of bladder
prostatitis
inflammation of prostate gland
Urolithiasis
kidney stones
Bacteriuria
bacteria in the urine