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Social Perception (Social Properties (Gender, Identity, Emotion, Dominance…
Social Perception
Social Properties
Gender
Identity
Emotion
Dominance
Attractiveness
Age
Bruce & Young (1986): Cognitive model of face perception
Info from faces
Structural encoding
descriptions of faces
Expression analysis
Facial features
Facial speech analysis
Lip movements
Directed visual processing
Specific facial info i
s processed selectively
Face recognition nodes
Structural info about known faces
Person identity nodes
Name generation
A person's name is stored separately
Cognitive system
additional info & influences which other component receive attention
familiar and unfamiliar faces are recognised differently
Familiar: structural encoding,
face recognition units
,
person identity nodes
, and name generation
Unfamiliar: structural encoding,
expression analysis, facial speech analysis,
and directed visual processing
If different processes are involved then some patients should have much better face recognition for familiar than for unfamiliar faces (Double dissociation
only weak evidence for selective impairment of either familiar or unfamiliar face recognition
Separate processing of
facial expression
and
facial identity
Humphreys (2007):
Developmental Prosopagnosia
- have better ability in recognizing facial repressions than face recognition
Face recognition
(Sinha, 2006)
Can recognize familiar faces with low-resolution images
the ability to tolerate degradation increases with familiarity
Burton (1999):
Recognition performance in low-quality surveillance video- familiar colleagues better than observers with infrequent interaction
Eyebrows are the most crucial facial features for recognition
relatively high-constrast and larger facial features
very stable facial features
Facial identity and expression might be processed by separate systems
Face perception
(Haxby, 2000)
non-speech mouth movements: STS
lip reading: additional activity in auditory areas in
STS
involves regions for the
visual analysis of lip movements and for phonemic analysis
Face perception: coordinated
participation of multiple regions
Recognition of familiar faces
anterior temporal regions
amygdala: less activated than perception of unfamiliar faces
The Social Brain
Brain regions: generally high-order cortical regions
Localising Social Processing
fMRI to localise brain areas
obtained by contrasting brain activity(BOLD response) for two different conditions
Object recognition
intact object vs. scrambled version of the original object
point-like display: only reveal the action
Control: all the low-level properties- e.g. brightness
Superior Temporal Sulcus: activate for perception of biological motion
Face areas
faces vs. houses
Fusiform Face Area
Voice area
vocal sound vs. non-vocal sound
Temporal Voice Area
Through voice: physical characteristics (Gender, Approximate age) & mood of the speaker can be identified
Technique: cognitive subtraction
Judging emotions with conflict cues (eg. happy face with angry drums)
For face: vision dominated
For music: audio dominated
Haxby (2000)
: Cognitive Neuroscience model of face perception
A
hierarchy
being propsed
Stage 1: perceptual features
Inferior occipital gyrus
:
Early
perception of
facial features
stage 2: invariant and changing perceptual features
Superior temporal suicus: Changable aspects
ateral fusiform gyrus
:
invariant
aspects
Stage 3: More extended processing required for additional info.
Amygdala & Limbic system: Emotion
Anterior temporal:**
Personal identity**, name, and biographical info.