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Troodos Uplift Pleistocene (Marine deposit distribution (T1 - T4 w shallow…
Troodos Uplift Pleistocene
Strong uplift Troodos in Pleistocene
Enormous sediment supply produced for fanglomerates
Fanglomerates occur in 4 main pulses
Palaeocurrent trends
= Inferred esp from clast imbrication
Flow directions support:
Radial drainage development
Flow toward ocean through basin
This drainage pattern established ~ 2 Ma & continued until present
Patterns of clast size/lithology sheds light
on unroofing of ophiolite
N Troodos Erosion Surfaces
Several erosion surfaces
= Named after cycle of fanglomerate deposition
Stratigraphy inversion
Normal stratigraphy = reversed when uplift starts
In Mesaoria Basin
∴ Older deposits = higher topographically
i.e. younger deposits incise older deposits & accumulate @ lower elevation
Units
Caliche
Semi-arid climate indicator i.e. wet winter, dry summer
= Evaporitive product
Secondary calcrete
Terra Rossa
Warmer, more humid periods
Greater weathering (clay minerals, Fe oxidation)
Red soils
Aeolianite
= sand dune deposits
V strong cross bedding
Formed when VERY windy
Pleistocene Marine Deposits
Deltaic deposits found only locally near coast (Athalassa)
Carbonate deposits = much more abundant
Marine delta deposits
Well sorted pebblestones
Foresets
Marine fossils
Vasiliko Quarry
Upward transition Pliocene --> Pleistocene
Pleistocene: Shallow marine --> fanglomerates
Shallow marine deposits
Vasiliko & Paphos & Akrotiri Peninsula
Solitary coral - scleratinia form masses of individual corals stuck together
Marine deposit distribution
4 or more topog levels upon which marine deposits = found
Old erosion horizons - lack marine deposits
T1 - T4 w shallow marine deposits
T1 = nearest modern sealevel
Age: determined from dating coral
Younger terraces stimes incise older
Each marine terrace reps:
A marine transgression cycle, usually:
basal lag deposit
porites coral
aelionite (strong cross bed)
(caliche & erosion surfaces)
palaeosol
Cycle repeated
~ 4 times whereby:
Land uplifting
∴ eventually transitions to non-marine
Sea floods in
Terraces dated using corals
10 m ASL = 200 ka
3m ASL = 120 ka
--> correlate with MISs 5 & 7
Terrace development relates to eustatic SL change
Marine terraces
Interplay btwn
Tectonic uplift (several Ma)
Glacier eustatic sealevel change
Results in terrace cycles
sealevel floods in --> shallow marine envmt
land rises (uplift) --> terrestrial envmt resumed
= repeated 4 times
stimes channels incise ∴ terrigenous material introduced
Pleistocene marine terraces
4 marine terraces identified in SW & S Cyprus
Each follows a similar cyclic sequence of
conglomerate
rhodolith
aelionite
palaeosol
These units overlie the Lefkhara Fm with a huge hiatus
Pleistocene marine terraces
They are controlled by
Orbital cycles
Troodos uplift
Each represents a 100 ka eccentricity cycle
∴ Troodos uplift must have continued into the Pleistocene; <0.78 Ma.
Newer terraces cut down into older ones
Troodos Uplift Cause
Strong doming & serpentinisation of harzburgite
suggests rock-seawater interaction caused volume increase
∴ leading to Troodos doming & uplift