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Motives of The First Crusade (economic (no (Economic loss 2 crusade (Most …
Motives of The First Crusade
economic
no
Other motives
Most not younger sons w/o land
Economic loss 2 crusade
Most (Raymond) had to mortgage/sell lands 2 crusade
cost roughly 4x annual income of crusaders
Most wish to return home
Most did return home w/ Byzantine Fleet after J
many charters didn't come into force unless the crusader died on the crusade
yes
Population increase
crusade = could gain land
Bohemond
less land to go around + younger sons didn't have land = no income
trade
ports centres for trade between east + west e.g. silk from China
Italian sea powers = trade privileges on eastern + Mediterranean coast
economic distress
economic opportunities in land + booty
had nothing 2 loose
poor harvests
b/c population increase = people were starving b/c feudal anarchy
social
no
religious
Sanctified violence = remission of sins
Link to the papacy= person pious
economic
feudal anarchy = ppl had 2 go 2 get land
Tancred's conquests in Armenia
Not as big factor
overlords = religious + ppl followed them
religious motives of calling crusade
yes
sancitified violence
Tancred = knight but violence = unchristian
crusading = penance + knight
Violence b/c fighting over land = church didn't like
feudal obligations
Tancred = Bohemond's nephew
Stephen of Blois went w/ brother in Law Robert of Normandy b/c wife made him
Link 2 Crusade
Hugh of Vermandois fought Muslims in Spain = 1st crusade extension of this
Raymond of Toulouse supported the papacy + links 2 papal legate
religious
no
Raymond of Toulouse
excommunicated by Pope twice
Wanted 2B secular leader of J
Supported by Adhemar
Economic motives
unpious crusaders
Ppl's killed bishop sheltered Jews in Rhineland
Ppl's looted christian land
yes
Pious nobility
Raymond of Toulouse
gregory excommunicated twice
1080s: repentant + supported papal reform
1st one to take cross
papal promises
Jerusalem
remission of sins
1st this was 2 peasants = ppl's crusade
popular piety
Millenarianism
Cult of Holy Sephulchre = anti-semetic
Political
yes
Pope
increase authority in Byzantium
Recent influence increase
Raymond of Toulouse
wanted to be king of Jerusalem
Adhemar died = lost support
Godfrey = leader = Raymond tantrum
principalities
Baldwin + Edessa
Bohemond + Antioch
no
Success = unlikely
constant Turk attacks
high chance of death
Most leaders already had power
Had 2 sell land 2 crusade
Intended 2 return home
Religious
Raymond
Only pope (didn't go) + Bohemond