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Motives of second crusaders (Economic (no (no land up for grabs (a lot of…
Motives of second crusaders
Economic
no
no land up for grabs
a lot of Outremer already had leaders
no one would become king of J because they already had king
risk of death
Louis had no male heir so if he died they would be in trouble
Turks attack whilst Conrad and Louis crossing Anatolia = many died
crusading was expensive
had to mortgage land + stuff
Conrad had to leave others in charge + there were people contending for his land (solution - baltic crusade)
yes
Quantum Praedecesores
also protection of lands
suspended interests on debts = anyone who had debt could avoid this
Siege of Lisbon
Most settled in Lisbon after the siege so obviously not religious but economic
A lot of merchants went on it hoping to gain booty and trading opportunities
social
no
ppl didn't really care about it
A lot of merchants went on siege of Lisbon = more economic
Quantum Praedecesores had no response initially
religious piety more important for Louis
had to do penance
groomed for church
other motives
economic
yes
gain prestige
going on crusade meant that you would come back w/ honour
status because of myths of first crusade
Louis wanted to gain prestige as military leader and cement his position as a king
feudal obligations
duke Henry of Bavaria - Conrad's half brother went
history of crusading
Conrad
Duke Welf of Bavaria had lead a contingent on the crusade in 1101
Quantum Praedecesores mentioned crusaders honouring their ancestors (those on first crusade)
religious
no
Louis of France wanted to gain prestige
would establish relations w/ east to increase prestige of his court
would cement him as King of France b/c no army had been directly lead by king since Charlemagne
Other motives
social: crusading history
economic: siege of Lisbon
Baltic crusade and lisbon siege didn't convert
Siege of Lisbon
most crusaders stayed their permanently after economic gain
Wendish crusade withdrew without making very many forced conversions (instead created truces)
yes
Piety
To help crusader states after fall of Edessa
very religiously symbolic
Louis was very pious because he had been groomed for a career in the Church as a younger son
to convert non-believers
Lisbon siege
expeditions like this had happened before
fighting against the Moors in Portugal = infidel
Wendish/Baltic crusade
Bernard + pope let it take place for this reason
wanted to convert the pagans to christianity (saxons wanted to extend their missionary work)
remission of sins
Louis of France
going on crusade was an act of penance for his sins
had feuded w/ Theobald of Champagne + burnt down a church in Vitry w/ ppl inside in 1143
Pope offered remission of sins in call for the crusade
Political
yes
can extend political control
by asking those who aren't your vassals to go on crusade
then supporting them financially
Louis got Theobald of Champagne 2 crusade w/ him
history of fighting him
To secure land
participants in Baltic crusade wanted to secure their borders
Bernard made Conrad's rivals go so that Conrad would go
some went for honour and prestige
Military prestige for crusade
Louis = cement position as King of France
No
Other motives
Only to secure land
risked losing land
Louis of France
Baltic not main crusade