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Psychological Disorders (Psychological Disorders (Harms their ability to…
Psychological Disorders
Whats is abnormality?
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Historical expalnations
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Witchcraft and/or possession by evil spirits
- Exorcism: casting out of demons in a religious ritual
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Modern Perspective
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Medical Model:
- Diagnosis, symptoms,treatment
- Abnormality
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Abnormality
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Note that abnormality differs from insanity
- Insanity considered a legal term in united states
Models of abnormality
Psychological model : proposes that disorders are the result of various form of emotional, behavioral, or thought-related malfunctioning
Sociocultural perspective : thinking and behavior are the product of the family, social and cultural influences; what is normal in one maybe abnormal in another
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Biopsychosocial perspective: incorporates biological, psychological, and sociocultural factors
explanation for disordered thinking or behavior dependent on the theoretical model used to explain personality in general
Psychological Disorders
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Describes ~250 disorders, grouped ~20 categories
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Anxiety Disorder
obsessive- compulsive disorder (OCD): consists of recurring anxiety- provoking thoughts or obsession that are only relieved through ritualistic or repetitive behaviors or mental events
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acute stress disorder (ASD) and posttraumatic stress disorder(ptsd): caused by significant and traumatic stressors, diagnosis differs according to duration and onset of symptoms
disorders in which the main symptom is excessive or unrealistic worry and fearfullness
- free-floating anxiety: : anxiety unrelated to any realistic, known source
Mood Disorders
Depressive disorders
Persistent depressive disorder (dysthmia): a form of depression that is not severe enough to be diagnosed as major depressive disorder
Major depressive disorder: severely depressed mood that comes on suddenly and has no external cause
- Major risk factor for suicide
- More common in women than men
Bipolar Disorders
Type of Bipolar :
- Bipolar 1 : mood ranges from normal to manic
- No episodes of depression
- Depressive episodes causes disruption
-Bipolar 2 : mood ranges from depression to hypomania
- no episodes of mania
- Depressive episodes cause disruption
Mood ranges from severe depression to maniac episodes
- Manic episode : a period of excessive excitement , energy, and elation or irritability
Mood disorders: disorders in which mood is severely disturbed
- No longer a category in the DSM
- Now " mood disorders" is used colloquially to refer to disorders is used colloquially to refer to disorders spanning two DSM categories
- Depressive disorders
- Bipolar and related disorders
Schizophrenia: long- lasting psychotic disorder
- person suffers from disordered thinking , bizarre behavior, and hallucinations
- Person is unable to distinguish between fantasy and reality
- psychotic : the break away from the ability to perceive what is real and what is real and what is fantasy
- Types of symptoms
- Positive symptoms: excesses of behavior in occur in addition to normal behavior e.g: hallucination and delusions
- Negative symptoms : less than-normal behavior or an absence of normal behavior e.g: flat affect , avolition and alogia
- Paranoid , catatonic , and disorganized subtypes
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Paraphillic Disorder
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Some entail actions for their satisfaction that, because of their nonxiousness or potential harm to others , are classed as criminal offenses
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Paraphillia: any intense and persistent sexual interest other than sexual interest in genital stimulation or preparatory fondling with phenotypically normal , physically mature , consenting human partners
- It's possible to have a paraphillia without having a paraphillic disorder