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The foundations of the Military orders (Templars (Council of Nablus…
The foundations of the Military orders
Templars
Bernard of Clairvaux got papal approval for Templars
Council of Nablus
series of legislation = clergy to bear arms
After field of Blood in 1119
Hugh and a small group of knights wanted to form a community dedicated to God but Baldwin couldn't lose able fighters so Templars was born
Baldwin II convinced Hugh of Payns to not just be a monk but be a warrior monk
Swore oath of chastity, poverty and obedience
Membership was permanent
Hospitallers
Not sure when it became a military order but active in siege of Damascus 1126
Also had oath of chastity obedience, + poverty
Death of King Alfonso in 1134 --> got a bequest = more money
Hospital to take care of injured and sick pilgrims existed in 1080s
predated the First Crusade
Economic roles of the Military Orders
Henry II gave donations in penance for murder of Thomas Becket = used for buying army + provisions = stimulated economy in the east
Became bankers for richer pilgrims to deposit in West and withdraw in East
Role in protecting pilgrims encouraged travellers to holy land = fuelled economy by staying in hostels + buying food + souvenirs
Got a lot of donation and Land from wealthy in Europe
Relied on charity for lodging but for clothing which came in donations
Religious Roles of the Military orders
Hospitallers
combined spiritual role w/ role of protection
found in coastal ports = could care for sick and injured pilgrims
Templars
Were to live like a monk apart from when pursuing military aims
wore white robe of Cistercians to signify they had put their dark life behind them
Protect Pilgrims on the road
Wouldn't serve kings but Pope
Military Roles of the military orders
Templars
Became Outremer's standing army
Home for anyone who wanted to fight for God and the Holy Land
King Conrad III of Germany housed by Templars during Second Crusade
Hospitallers
given Bethgibelin to hold and protect kingdom from attacks by Ascalon and Egypt