Please enable JavaScript.

Coggle requires JavaScript to display documents.

Attention (Theories of attention (Metaphor: Attention as bottleneck (The…

- - - - Wichen's model
        
        Our ability to do multitasking
        
        Dichotic Listening Task
        
        Cherry (1953)
        
        Presented messages one by one
        
        Participants are perfect in shadowing the messages
        
        1 more item...
        
        When two messages were presented to different ears at the same time
        
        difficulties in tracing any one message
        
        Different audio tracks are presented for different ears
        
        depends on how far apart they are on the relevant dimension
        
        Being close: competition of resources
        
        Three dimensions
        
        1st dimension: perception, cognition
        
        2nd dimension: vision, and sensory
        
        3rd dimension: spatial or verbal
      - To describe how resources of visual attention were distributed over space
      - Attention cannot be divided
      - The size of the spotlight can be changed
      - Object-based attention
        
        spatial position of all the objects in the world are contsantly changing
        
        attaching attention to the object rather than the position wold be better for sustaining attention
        
        Vercera (1994): all the features of the object undergo obligatory process of attention
        
        Woodman (2008): only object features that are relevant for the task to be performed are processed
      - Dual-task paradigm
        
        Performance is lower when performing both tasks simultaneously
        
        Performing both tasks and asked to invest greater attention to one of a tasks: able to do so
        
        Results are consistent with the notion that: attention is a limited resources that is shared between tasks
        
        Split resource: decreased resources available for the individual tasks
  - - - e.g. filter theory
      - Tradeoff
        
        a greater risk that we might select the wrong info.
        
        the info. being selected will received max. attention and min. cognitive resources to expand on irrelevant info.
    - - eliminates some info. that has already been processe
      - Tradeoff
        
        Decrease the chance that attention is allocated incorrectly
        
        the resources are wasted to process irrelevant info
        
        the deeper we process, more cognitive resources are used
  - - - Principle target is easy: late selection
      - Principle target is difficult: early selection
- - - - determine how well the info is processed, how fast and accurate the response executed, and whether the event will be later remembered
        
        have a better chance of producing or influencing a behavioural response or of being memoized
      - involve competition
        
        only a few stimuli van be processed
      - Facilitate target processing while inhibiting distraction and noise
- - - - eg. task rules, responses, long-term memory
- - - - Features bound together
    - - E.g. detecting a conjunction of multiple features: red "O"
      - Lack of attention: features may not be correctly bounded tgt
    - - to direct focal attention to the most "promising" information in the visual field
      - Features free-floating
        
        Identifying single features
  - - - Gives us an idea of the 'gist' of what is being viewed and guide processing
        
        Gist: driven by statistical regularities
        
        sufficient to perceive the overall layout, but insufficient to enable recognition of particular objects
      - access the mean and the distribution of variety of basic visual feature dimensions
        
        Size
        
        Orientation