Please enable JavaScript.

Coggle requires JavaScript to display documents.

Economic Actors (Labour Geography and Worker Agencies (Lier (2007) (Labour…

- - - - Restructuring the global economy has caused academics to look at the uneven consequences for labour and the asymmetrical power dynamics in capitalism.
      - Sri-lankan apparels are adopting ethical production through state regulation and minimum wages from the 80s. This was done due to the unease of northern retailers to labour exploitation.
      - Sri Lanka's adoption for ethical production has been a success, it is a low-growth, high-social development country which is an alternative route of development to many countries (Sen, 1988). Much of this is due to historical legislations put in place during colonial and immediate post-colonial years.
- - - - E.g Acessing chinese markets means you have to comply with Chinese regulations.
      - E.g EU markets are big and wealthy, new market structures change the level of development.
  - - - In 1992, Levi Strauss & Company were the first to develop corporate codes of conduct to adhere to ethics and labour rights.
      - Royal Dutch/Shell has been criticised for relations with the Nigerian military which is known for its oppressive regimes. Shell adhered to the Universal Declaration of Human Rights in 1997.
      - Industrial activities have led to oil spills and explosions causing detrimental environmental impacts. This also links to 1. as TNCs often relocate to countries that have lax environmental regulations which is harmful to workers as well.
- - - - Agglomeration
        
        Clusters in London - good connectivity, informal information flows, greater specialisation, competition, more customers, big local market, large labour supply, accumulation of knowledge.
      - Larger govt spending on health care, R&D, public transport and infrastructure in London/South East
    - - Devolution (above)
      - Transport
        
        Manchester is having increased flights to China, this will increase connectivity with Bejing. Business deals but also tourism can occur. Time-space compression. Govt hopes this will increase FDI.
      - SSI
        
        37% of students from a Russell Group who achieved a 2:1 or higher, moved to London within the first 6 months of graduating (Swinney and Williams, 2016).
        
        Manchester has the biggest technology hub in the North, increasing this may help keep well educated young people in the North to boost the economy. The idea behind this is wealth will trickle into surrounding areas however this has not happened in London (Lupton, 2013) .
        
        The govt. investing in Manchester shows their power in choosing where economic growth will occur.
      - The NP has been branded as a political strategy by Lee (2016) rather than an investment plan. This is due to the North having been a Labour stronghold for decades and increasing Northern trust in conservatives would be a win for their party.
    - - The government is rescaling itself and devolving power under neoliberal ideas of state spatalities. This involves the decentralisation of power from government to regional and local governance in the hope to boost local economic growth (Brenner and Theodore, 2002)
      - The idea behind devolution is to give more money and power to local governments, this can be seen through Manchester and Sheffield having their own mayors. However this also increases liability towards local governments (Berry and Giovanni, 2018).
      - The government has created new territories - Greater Manchester, Liverpool and Sheffield City-Regions. This promotes a deepening of neoliberal territory politics (Brenner et al., 2002) where 'local elites' will be held accountable for failures instead of central governments (Berry and Giovanni, 2018).
      - The government are branding this as 'handing back power' to the North.