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The Global pattern of urban change: The Urban world (Over half the…
The Global pattern of urban change: The Urban world
Over half the world's Population now lives in cities. By 2050, 70% of the world's population will live in urban areas.
An increase in a population in cities and towns versus rural areas =
Urbanisation
What are Megacities?
These are the world's largest cities, with populations over ten million
In 1975 there were only 4 megacities- Mexico City/Tokyo/New York/Sao Paul>>>
However today there are over 20 megacities
Seven of ten cities are located in Asia, and eight of them are in the northern hemisphere. They are mainly situated in the Tropics and in newly emerging economies (NEE)
List of Mega cities in 2015:
Lahore, Delhi, Karachi, Mumbai, Kolkata
LA, Mexico City, New York City
Istanbul, cairo, Tehran
Paris
Lima, Rio de Janeiro, Buenos aires and Sao Paolo.
Bangkok, Jakarta, Dhaka, Manila
Lagos, Kinsasha
Beiging, Shanghai, Guangzhou, Sheenzhen
Seoul,
Tokyo, Osaka/ Kobe
As the Global population increases in billions, from 2.5 billion-7.3 billion, from 1930-2030, the world urban population also increases. However the rural population slightly decreases to 0.9 billion.
How do rates of urbanisation vary around the world?
Rates of Urbanisation differ between continents. However the highest rates of urbanisation are in poorer, low income countries (LICS) such as Asia or Africa.
WHY?
ANS:
This is because in LICS,
majority of the population still live in rural areas therefore rate of rural-urban migraction is high.
Additionally the population of the cities are towards the younger division resulting in a
higher rate of natural increase.
The natural increase (or natural population surplus) is the difference between the number of births and the number of deaths recorded over a period.
Rural-urban migration is the movement of people from the countryside to the city.
Why are Rates of Urbanisation in higher income countries (HICS) > Europe/North America//Oceania ?
ANS:
In these countries urbanisation has slowed down as the population is primarily based within ctiies, which means lower rates of rural to urban migration. Also the Urban population are ageing (Living to higher ages due to improvments in health and welfare) therefore natural increase is slowed down.
What factors affect the rate of Urabnisation?
A large population of the world's megacities are in Asia. There are 2 mains reasons:
1) Asia is where over half the world's population lives. China and India both have more than
1 billion people
2) The Majority of Asia's population is still rural however this is changing-
Over 50% of China's population now live in cities compared to just 20% in 1980
What Factors led to Urbanisation?
1) Location> Historically cities have grown on rivers, coasts and busy transport routes where trade can thrive. Even Today Many of the world's megacities are ports.
9/10 od today's megactities are located by the coasts
2) Economic Development> Cities that trade are also good place for business so they grow economically. It is economic growth that creates job prospects, attracting people, and its the people who bring the ideas and enterprise on which the cities drive.
3) Natural Increase> The young population in many cities lead to high rated og natural increase. Cities also tend to have better healthcare than rural areas so deathrates are lower and life expectancy is higher.
4)
4) Migration> Rural-urban migration is the main driver of urbanisation. Most of these migrants are young. They migrate from the countryside to cities because of pull factors, such as better education
