Please enable JavaScript.
Coggle requires JavaScript to display documents.
Digestive/Urinary System (major organs of the digestive and urinary…
Digestive/Urinary System
Major functions of the
digestive and urinary systems
urinary system
remove liquid waste from blood by urine
keeps stable balance of salts and other substances in blood
produce erythropoietin
digestive system
defecation
elimination of indigestible substances
discharge of feces from body
digestion
process of breaking down food by mechanical and enzymatic action in the alimentary canal into substances that can be used by the body
ingestion
process of taking food, liquids, or other substances into body by swallowing or absorbing it
propulsion and segmentation
forward movement and mixing of food down gi tract
peristalsis
propulsion by contraction and relaxation of smooth muscles lining the alimentary canal
absorption
major organs of the digestive and urinary systems
salivary glands
pharnyx
esophagus
stomach
small intestine
large intestine
rectum
accessory digestive organs
liver
gall bladder
pancreas
disorders of the digestive and urinary systems
enlarged prostate- in men, this can make it difficult to empty the bladder
bladder
bladder cancer
bladder diseases
interstitial cystitis
kidney stones
ostomy
overactive bladder
urinalysis
urinary incontinence
bladder infections
cystitis usually caused by bacteria
location of digestion and absorption of each
macromolecule
chemical digestion starts in mouth and continues in stomach
most of the process occurs in small intestine
absorption begins in stomach and takes place in walls of the small intestine
layers of the GI tract (including stomach)
mucosa
made of simple columnar epithelium
in stomach and small intestine the mucosal layer is folded to have secretory glands
mucosal glands of stomach and intestine secrete digestive juices
innerlayer
lines of gi tract
submucosa
glands
blood vessels
nerve plexuses (meissners plexus)
mainly connective tissue with enormous blood supply
in villi they contain special lymphatic vessels called lacteals
digested material from gut is absorbed and then loaded in blood and lymph
muscular propia(externa); smooth muscle layer
region of muscle in many organs in vertebrate body
adjacent to submucosa
responsible for gut movement such as peristasis
nerve plexus
serosa
tissue of a serous membrane
outer layer of connective tissue
stomach
functions
store food
initiate digestion of proteins
kill bacteria with strong acidity
make chyme
parts of stomach
fundus
pyloric region
body
Nephron anatomy and physiology
each nephron consists of a blood supply and specialized network of ducts called tubule
each nephron, an afferent arteriole feeds a high-pressure capillary bed called glomerulus
blood is filtered by glomerulus to produce a fluid which is caught by the nephron tubule called filtrate
2 major parts
renal corpuscle
tubule
uses four mechanisms to covert blood into urine
filtration
reabsorption
secretion
excretion
works through a two step process
glomerous filters your blood
tubule returns needed substances to your blood and removes waste
digestive enzymes (including names and functions)
proteases
breakdown protein into small peptides and amino acids
lipases
breakdown fat into three fatty acids plus a glycerol molecule
amylases
breakdown carbs like starch into simple sugars