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A Social-Cognitive Approach to Motivation and Personality (Motivation…
A Social-Cognitive Approach to Motivation and Personality
Maladaptive vs Adaptive
Maladaptive
They feel helpless; negative cognition, anxiety
Adaptive
They are mastery-oriented; seeking of challenging tasks to learn from the failures and successes
Entity vs. Incremental Theory
Entity Theory: intelligence and ability are fixed traits
Incremental Theory: intelligence and ability are malleable
Motivation towards achievement
Response to challenge
Incremental: believe that they have the ability to grow and accept challenges to aid their growth
Entity: will take on the challenge as long as they feel they would succeed and their abilities will not be questioned. They will avoid, procrastinate or cheat to avoid to appear incompetent
Attribution of failure
Incremental: failed because they have not yet learned something, have a incorrect perspective, or not working enough so they look to learn and correct the failures
Entity: attribute failure to their own lack of ability.
Different types of goals
Learning goals: (incremental) engage and work to gain expertise in new things
Performance goals: (entity) perform actions to appear capable and avoid negative judgement about their skills
Self-regulated learning:
Incremental: are determine to try new things for solving a problem. Basically guiding your own learning through trial and error to achieve mastery
Entity: low initiation to self regulated learning
Self-esteem
Incrementalist
Positive and stable self-esteem
do not question their intelligence when they fail
eager and curious
Entity
Feel helpless when they fail and self esteem suffers
Avoid challenges
Feel negative feedback as a personal attack
Perceptions of Control
Entity
Control is possible but if not then the outcome would be negative
Incremental
Control is possible although it could take time and effort