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Alzheimer's Disease dementia (Presentation (Early stages…
Alzheimer's Disease
Presentation
Early stages
Short-term memory loss
Signs begin years or even decades before diagnosis
Difficulty with problem-solving
Getting lost
Misplacing belongings
Mood/personality changes
Increasing depression
Increasing anxiety
Social isolation
Later stages
Confusion
Inability to manage ADLs
Paranoia/delusional thinking
Loss of communication
Death
Treatment
Medications
Acetylcholinesterase inhibitors
NMDA Antagonists
Preventative measures:
Exercise
Intellectually stimulating activities
Socialization
Low fat/low carb diet
Pathophysiology
Suspected contributing factors
Buildup of amyloid beta protein neuretic plaques
Intraneuronal neurofibrillary tangles
Buildup of Tau protein Lewy bodies
Known physiologic changes affecting mentation
Cerebral cortical atrophy
Widening of sulci
Shrinking gyri
Basal forebrain cholinergic neuron degeneration
Epidemiology
Risk Factors
Age 65+
Family history/heritability
Latin American
African-America
Prevalence
10% of 65 year-olds
33% 85+ year-olds
1.5x more likely in Latinos than whites
2x more likely in blacks than whites
5.5 million Americans affected
24 million worldwide affected
