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ANIMAL EVOLUTION AND DIVERSITY: VERTEBRATES (Major phylum (Vertebrates,…
ANIMAL EVOLUTION AND DIVERSITY: VERTEBRATES
Have unique endoskeletons
Cranium (skull)
Vertebrae (backbones)
Choradates
Characteristics
A dorsal, hollow nerve cord
A notochord
Pharyngeal slits
A post-anal tail
Few have backbone of vertebrates and segmental muscles
Ivertebrates chordates
Lancelets
Tunicates
Hagfishes
Fsihes
Cartilagenous
Flexible skeleton made of cartilage
Lateral line system
Bony
Bones reinforced by hard calcium salts
Lateral line system
Have swim bladders
Ancient vs recent
Ancient
Lack of jaws
Recent
Vertebrates
Have cranium
Lack of jaws
Amphibians
Aquatic and terrestrial adaptation
Reproduces in water
Undergo metamorphosis
Reptiles
Produce amniotic egg
Have scales, waterproof skin
Ectotherms (cold blood)
Birds
Special characteristics
Have one ovary
Have beak
Have honeycomb bones
Endotherms (warm blood)
Airfoils wings
Mammals
Hallmarks
Hair
Mammary glands
Major groups
Monotremes (egg lying mammals)
Marsupials (pouch with placenta)
Eutherians (placental mammals)
Primates
Characteristics
Limber shoulder joints
Eyes in front of face
Excellent eye-hand coordination
Extensive parental care
Major groups
Lemurs, lorises, pottos
Tarsiers
Monkeys, apes, humans
Major phylum
Vertebrates
Tetrapods
Chordates
Amniotes