Chemistry: Edmund Tong
Chemical reactions
Physical changes
Solid to liquid
Liquid to gas
Sublimation - Solid to gas
Deposition - Gas to solid
Odur, a smell is produced
Colour is changed
Is exothermic/ Heat is given off
A new substance is created
Light is created
Litmus test can display a
chemical reaction with acid/alkaline
Proof that a chemical reaction has happened above^
Atomic structure
Made up of sub atomic particles which are Neurons, protons and electrons
Neurons have no charge, Protons have a positive charge, Electrons have a negative charge
Protons and Electrons are always the same in an atom
Except when an Ion is created, if a positive ion is created the atom has lost electrons, while if a negative Ion is created it has gained electrons.
If a proton is loss or gained it would change the atom itself
Neurons and protons are at the center of an atom, while electrons orbits
These orbits are called valence shells/ electron shell. These shells start with 2 electrons in the first period and from then on each period is 8
All atoms want to be like noble gases since they are stable atoms.
Ion periodic table Table of Ions
Elements are the pure atom. There are 118 elements.
Atoms must have the same amount of both sides of an atomic equation, while the molecule does not have to have the same on both sides. Thats how to balance an equation
pattern of the table Pattern of Periodic table
The more valence shells an atom has lower the period they are in. It reflects the period they are in, if an atom has 6 shells it will be in period 6.
Glossary
Acid - Substance that dissolves water into hydrogen ions.
Atomic mass, amount of neutrons and protons
Atomic number, amount of protons
The periodic tables in sorted into periods and groups. The periodic tables has types of elements: Alkali Metals, Alkaline Earth metals,Transition metals, Lanthanoids, Actinoids, Post-transition metals, metaloids, non-metals, Noble gases.
The groups reflect the amount of elections in the outermost shell. Except transition metals.
Radioactivity
Parent atoms are atoms that are not decayed
Daughter atoms are decayed atoms
The term half life means the amount of time half of the parent atoms decay to the daughter atoms
Radioisotopes are the isotopes that are unstable
stages of matter
Solids
Liquid
Gas
Plasma
Chemical properties
Electronegativity is a measure of the tendency of an atom to attract a bonding pair of electrons.
Valence or valency of an element is a measure of its combining power with other atoms when it forms chemical compounds or molecules.
The atomic radius of a chemical element is a measure of the size of its atoms, usually the mean or typical distance from the centre of the nucleus to the boundary of the surrounding shells of electrons.