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Nonvascular Plants: Mosses, Liverworts, and Hornworts (Division…
Nonvascular Plants: Mosses, Liverworts, and Hornworts
Division Bryophyta: Mosses
The Gametophyte Generation
Morphology
Gametophores
leafy stems
moss plants
grow
close together
tightly appressed
forming
dense mounds
apical meristem
contains
prominent apical cell
other species
cool wet areas
more open
more loose
water transport
hydroids
innermost cortex
composed of cells
elongated
lose their cytoplasm
end walls
partially digested
not removed entirely
conduct water
dissolve minerals
leptoids
cells
resemble sieve cells
elongate
prominent interconnections
stem
rhizoids
found at base
small
multicellular
anchor stem
lack cytoplasm
reddish walls
Development
gametophore growth
begins
spore
germinates
sends chlorophyllous cell
mitosis
produces branched system
entire system
protonema
Reproduction
antheridia
short stalk
outermost layer
sterile cells
inner mass
cells
The Sporophyte Generation
#
foot
small
bulbous tissue
absorbs
sugars
minerals
water
capsule
simple
apical sporangium
seta
narrow stalk
operculum
separates
cells torn apart
Peristome teeth
complex teeth
Calyptra
cover apex sporangium
layer of cells
derived archegonium
Division Hepatophya: Liverworts
The Gametophyte Generation
#
two groups
leafy liverworts
thallose liverworts
thallus
body without
roots
stems
leaves
air pores
not stomata
no guard cells
#
cannot be closed
antheridiophore
umbrella-shaped
outgrowth
stalk
mm high
Archegoniophores
stalked
apex
radiating fingers
The Sporophyte Generation
elaters
single
elongate cells
spring-shaped walls
Division Anthocerotophyta: Hornworts
hornworts
small
inconspicuous
thalloid plants
grow
moist soil
The Gametophyte Generation
gametophores
#
thin
edges
center
thicker
The Sporophyte Generation
