Please enable JavaScript.
Coggle requires JavaScript to display documents.
Populations and Ecosystems (Plants in Relationship to Their Habitats…
Populations and Ecosystems
Plants in Relationship to Their Habitats
habitat
set of conditions
life cycle
two types
Abiotic
nonliving
physical phenomena
latitide
altitude
soil
disturbances
floods
avalanches
fires
climate
Biotic
living factors
plant itself
other plant species
animal species
#
fungi
protists
prokaryotes
operational habitat
all components
known or unknown effect
Abiotic Components of the Habitat
Climate
increased water
increased growth
increased reproduction
tolerance range
vary with species
Soil factors
formed by
breakdown rock
initially
thin
virtually identical
Pioneers
first plants
new soil
tolerate severe conditions
A horizon
uppermost
zone of leaching
litter
debris
breaks down
B horizon
zone of deposition
materials accumulate
rick in nutrients
contains
2 more items...
Below
C Horizon
1 more item...
Biotic Components of the Habitat
Plant Itself
modifies the habitat
beneficial
detrimental
neutral
Other Plant Species
possibility for interaction
mutualism
#
beneficial for both
competition
disadvantageous
two populations
:red_cross:grow well together
limited resources
competitive exclusion
less adaptive species
excluded
superior competitors
niche
particular conditions
certain adaptations
Organisms other than plants
Mutualism
seed dispersal
frugivores
Commensal relationships
one benefits
other unaffected
common
plants
animals
Predation
one benefits
herbivores
#
eat plants
process
herbivory
browsing
grazing
other harmed
pathogenic
mild disease
virulent
kills plant quickly
The Structure of Populations
Geographic Distribution
Boundaries of the Geographic Range
Limiting factor
#
all aspects
plant's interaction
any ecosystem factor
Local Geographic Distribution
three types
clumped distribution
spacing
small
large
rarely average
uniform distribution
occur
orchards
tree plantations
evenly spaced
not common
chemicals
allelochemics
allelopathy
random distribution
no identifiable pattern
no predictive value
Age Distribution: Demography
Population growth
two factors
generation time
birth of self
birth first offspring
affects rapidity
intrinsic rate
biotic potential
number of offspring
measured
under ideal conditions
carrying capactiy
K
number of individuals
particular ecosystem
r- and K- Selection
r- selection
produced by disturbance
r-selected species
annuals
shrubby perennials
K-Selection
sites filled
K-selected species
long-lived conifers
The Structure of Ecosystems
Physiognomic Structure
physical size
shape
distribution
life forms
system
plants survive
Temporal Structure
ecosystem
#
changes
#
time
short
day
longer
seasons
decades
Species Composition
number
diversity
dependent
climate
mild
stressful
soil
rich
poor
species tolerance
broad
narrow
Trophic Levels
feeding levels
contains
members
autotrophs
primary producers
food supply
herbivores
primary consumers
secondary producers
preyed on
carnivores
#
secondary consumers
bring energy into
Omnivores
both trophic levels
Decomposers
fungi
#
bacteria
Photosynthesis
dominant method
all energy input
