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Community Ecology (Predator-Prey Interactions (functional response…
Community Ecology
Predator-Prey Interactions
functional response
feeding rate and handling time
prey-dependent
predator's functional response is dependent on prey density
zero growth isocline
line indication population stability
paradox of enrichment
prey may lead predator to over exploit the prey, both species will be lost
maximum sustained yield
population health is determined by the amount of a species that can be harvested with a particular amount of effort
fixed quota harvesting
fisherman/hunters allowed to gather a certain number of species no matter how long it takes
optimal foraging theory
study of interactions to understand why herbivores eat the plants they do
optimal diet model
predictions derived from the optimal foraging theory
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Concepts
community
group of species that can occur together at the same time and place
succession
predictable sequence of changes
climax community
stability returns
community restoration
reintroduction of a species in environment
habitat loss
loss of habitats
habitat fragmentation
interruption of habitat
Competition between species
exploitation competition
resource competition occurs when organisms consume a shared resource, making less available for others
interference competition
one organism restricts another organism's access to resources
invasive
species that can increase from a low to high population density even with a competitor present
resource
any substance or factor that can lead to increased growth rates
apparent competition
increase in one species with decrease in others, making it look like a competition
Food Chains and Food Webs
food chain
direct line of consumption
food web
network of numerous interrelationship
energy flow web
how to trace how energy flows through an ecosystem
keystone species
dramatically affects the structure of community
Diversity
cecklist
a count of species present
scale
a common observation of community diversity
species-area relationship
relationship between area and species richness
species abundance distribution
the number of species in each abundance class
Beneficial Interactions between species
mutualism
interaction where both organisms benefit
mutualistic relationship
facilitation
one organism helps another without receiving any benefit
nurse plants
plants that later a small area of habitat immediately below themselves, more favorable to the survival of seedlings of other plants
primary succession
organisms become established on newly created substrates
Metapopulations in Patchy Environments
metapopulation
several local populations interconnected by migration and gene flow
source habitat
high quality patch
sink habitat
low quality patch
fugitive species
one that survives by colonizing new patches, flourishing temporarily and then colonizing more before it dies
