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McGuinn (The Origins of No Child Left Behind (Richard Elmore calls NCLB…
McGuinn
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The Parties Converge
Meanwhile, the activism of Presidents Johnson and Carter and Democrats in Congress had by the 1970s successfully established the Democratic Party as the party of education. Democrats embraced the nation's public school teachers and the public education establishment as core constituent groups of their evolving coalition and pushed for increased federal spending and mandates in education.
Congressional Republicans, however, continued to believe such measures would inevitably lead to federal control of education. Democrats feared that they would lead to the imposition of tough school accountability measures and a deemphasis on the importance of increasing federal funding.
As a result, the positions of both the Democratic and Republican parties moved toward the center on education over the course of the decade as support grew for tying expanded federal investment in education to state accountability for school improvement efforts.
By the end of the decade, both the liberal and conservative approaches to federal education policy had been discredited and there was growing consensus around a grand bargain of greater federal investment in education in exchange for increased accountability.
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