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Industrialisation (Chibber (2005) (what the developmental state really…

- - - - control
      - FDI
  - - - REALITY
        
        national bourgeoise never followed the state policy guidelines
        
        state was in fact never made autonomous
        
        representatives always present within the state
        
        the relationship between the state and the bourgeoise was not abandoned and/or subordinated
- - - - US was scared of the communist, and allied countries changing their loyalty that they were more relaxed on the policies they let pass
  - - - industrialised by shifting from ISI to EOI
        
        transition from primary sector production to secondary sector production of high-skilled technology
        
        shift cause two crucial outcomes for Koreas economic growth and trajectory
        
        economic diversification
        
        increased emphasis on research and development
        
        dual positive impact- increased resilience of firms to external shocks and exposing secondary sector new technologies to foreign markets (generating greater capital)
    - - firms could progressively through creating provisional protective barriers with resources
        
        incentive for new creation of new creative industries
- - - - market led, which resulted in complex disputed about rights to land, thus creating political instability
        
        detrimental impact of brazils landlord class, over Brazils governing, by privatising vast amount of the land, brazils landless tenants were unable to pass land reforming legislation
- - - - Korea simultaneously with industrialisation efforts
        
        Primarily used as a political tool, taking the landlord class out of power and redistributing the land- Strengthened the support of the regime
      - Brazil attempted it long afterwards
        
        Understood and implemented in a way to revive internal markets (flagging out during late stages of ISI)
- - - - Development of the north, underdevelopment of the south
    - - worsening the terms of trade
    - - Radical/revolutionaries
        
        Beneficiaries of underdevelopment
        
        export sector
        
        commercial bourgeoise
        
        landlords
        
        TNCs
        
        which classes had an interests in autonomous development?
        
        working classes+ peasantry
        
        sectors of the middle class
        
        State
        
        instrument for class liberation
        
        progressive alliance- broad labouring class alliance for national liberation or socialism
      - Moderates reformists
        
        State
        
        negotiate with TNCs
        
        beneficiaries of underdevelopment
        
        export sector
        
        state bureaucracy
        
        bourgeoise
        
        landlords
        
        TNCs
        
        Which classes had an interest in reconstituting associated development
        
        rebuild progressive alliance
        
        nationalist sectors of the bourgeoise and landlords
        
        working classes+ peasantry
        
        middle classes
  - - - cannot forgo chronological steps
    - - traditional landlords are an obstacle
- - - - relatively autonomous from dominant classes
      - economic nationalism vs. TNCs
      - shift from ISI to EOI at the right time
      - Protected industrial winners
        
        by incentives, like subsidies etc
    - - Redistributive agrarian reform
        
        creation of modern, small scale capitalist farmers
        
        squeezed
        
        modern technology
  - - - ISI
    - - blocked agrarian reform
        
        no modernisation of agriculture
        
        no surplus for industrialisation