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People and the Biosphere Topic 7, GCSE Geography (Definitions (Biosphere…

- - - - Near Equator is warmer than at the Poles
      - At Equator, Sun's rays at high angles constantely
      - Toward Poles, w/ increasing latitude climate is more seasonable & winter is coder /longer
      - Low sunshine intensity at Poles limiting plant growth
  - - - Atmospheric Air Cells
      - Boundaries
  - - - Chemical weathering releases nutrients and chemicals into the soil, which can be acidic, neutral or alkaline (this influences the type of plants that can be grown there)
    - - Wetness of soil depends on:
        
        Precipitation amount
        
        Evaporation from the soil
        
        Permeability
      - Plants can prefer waterlogged / boggy areas or drier soils
    - - Affects biome by:
        
        Every 1000m, temperature drops by 6.5 degrees Celsius
        
        At high altitudes, below freezing temperatures are common
        
        Rainfall increases with height
      - Changes in ecosystem due to altitude forms a pattern called Altitudinal zonation
  - - - Energy from plant's photosynthesis, turning it into carbohydrate
      - Plants intake of CO2 and nitrogen exchange
      - Energy's flow through the flood web
      - Precipitation moving from the soil via respiration and evaporation
      - Decomposition of living organisms cycling nutrients
      - Weathering of rocks contributes to soil nutrients like phosphates and magnesium
- - - - Are obtained from the ecosystem
      - Food like nuts, berries, fish, crops, game
      - Fuelwood
      - Timber for builders and other uses
      - Genetic/chemical material
    - - Keep the ecosystem healthy so it can provide other services
      - Nutrient cycling
      - Photosynthesis and food webs
      - Soil formation
    - - Link to other physical processes and keep areas clean
      - Storing carbon and emitting oxygen to regulate atmosphere
      - Purifying water/ regulating hydrological cycle
    - - Benefit people lisiting/ living
      - Recreation/ tourism
      - Education/ science
      - Sprititual well-being/ happiness
- - - - The Population will become so large that resources will become scarce and run out
  - - - The Population will grow and the techologies will be invented to supply more resources