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Geography: The study of the world around us. (Geographical Concepts…
Geography:
The study of the
world around us.
Geographical Concepts
Place
A part of the Earth's surface that's identified and given meaning by people.
Places can be natural or built
Place influences our relationships and they way we live
Geographers use place when conducting geographical inquiry
Space
refers to the way that things are arranged on Earth's surface
Geographers look for patterns in the way structures are arranged
Environment
The living and non-living components that make up an area
geographers describe and investigate the environment, natural or built
Interconnection
geographers use this concept to understand links between places and people
Natural processes link places and people
links affect the way people live
Sustainability
The ongoing capacity of the Earth to maintain it's resources
Developing ways to ensure the Earth's resources are managed responsibly
local - recycling paper
national - Australian Government has begun to encourage sustainable use of energy by offering incentives to promote the use of solar panels
International - Marine Stewardship council are working with fisheries and retailers to promote responsible viable fishing practises around the world.
Change
Helps us understand the dynamics of time
Scale
Used to guide geographical enquiries
can be large or small
something like a national drought means we have to study a national scale
Biomes
Areas on Earth with similar types of plants animals and climate.
Boreal Forest
Location: Canada Europe, Asia, America
Description: known as the 'coniferous' forest
Cold winters & warm summers
Plants: coniferous trees
Animals: some migrate, some hibernate
Tundra
Location: South of the ice caps in the Arctic, North America, Europe, Siberia.
Description: Coldest biome.
covers 1/5 of the Earth
Plants: Lichens, mosses, grasses, sedges, shrubs.
Animals: have adapted to survive in the cold, grow thick fur.
Aquatic
Location: water covers around 3/4 of the Earth - classified as freshwater or marine.
Description:
Fresh: contains little salt; rivers, lakes
Marine: saltwater regions of the Earth; corals, reefs
Plants: Huge variety
Animals: Huge variety.
Grasslands
Locations: Every continent except for Antarctica.
Description: Big and open spaces.
Not many bushes and trees are only found near rivers and streams
Plants: Grasses such as oats, wheat and barley
Animals: Large herds of grazing animals such as zebras and bison.
Desert
Location: North & South America, Africa, Middle East, Australia, Asia
Description: Extremely hot and dry.
Has less than 10 inches of rain a year
Plants: Cacti, small bushes, short grasses. Desert plants are adapted to collect and store water. Animals: Adapted to intense heat and lack of water, many are nocturnal, and get their water from plants and seeds.
Tropical Rainforest
Location: Near the Equator, South America, Asia, Pacific Islands, Australia, New Zealand, Africa
Description: varieties of exotic plants & animals, lush greens and vibrant colours
Plants: Vines, palm trees, orchids,
Animals: snakes, birds. An animal must be smart and strong to survive in this biome.
Mapping
B:
O:
L:
T:
S:
S:
Referencing
Grid
6-figure grid referencing
4-figure grid referencing
The vertical lines are called EASTINGS
The horizontal lines are called NORTHINGS
Food
Food Production
Rice: Supplies about one fifth of all calories consumed by human.
Four main systems or rice growing: Irrigated rice
Food Production in Australia:
Extensive farming: farms that require large areas of land
Intensive farming: farms that can produce lots of food in a small area.
Desertification:
a process by which a region gradually becomes drier, losing it’s bodies of water, vegetation and wildlife until it becomes a desert.
Changing Natural Water Flows
Rivers are dammed to create a large reservoir of water which can be used for irrigation
Salinity:
A condition where the amount of salt causes problems in the soil and impacts the environment.
The Importance of a climate
More than any other factor, climate determines the type of farming that is practised in a given location
Soil:
Soil is a mixture of air, water, broken down rock, and organic material such as tiny animals and plants
Food Security
Food Security
A state where all people at all times have access to safe, nutritious food to sustain a healthy life.
For a place to have a secure food supply they must have: Food availability, food accessibility and knowledge and resources to use food appropriately.
Food Accessibility: Physical and economic access to food: there needs to be enough food available and it must be in reach of those who need it.
Food availability: Means that people have enough food of appropriate quality available on a consistent basis. (May include production, storage and distribution)
Knowledge and Resources to Use Food Appropriately:
Using food safely and applying knowledge about nutrition, clean water and sanitation when preparing food