effect of under consumption of nutrients
anaemia
results in pale skin, fatigue, tiring easily, drop in blood pressure when standing up quickly from lying down and headaches
people at risk
due to iron deficiency
not enough iron rich foods
body doesn't absorb and use iron well enough
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women ( due to blood loss during menstrustraton, pregnant and breast feeding women, veggies/vegans
prevention involves a diet high in red meat or iron rich verges such as spinach and legumes
treatments can involve supplements or an infusion
osteoporosis
occurs due to low calcium and vitamin D intake
people at risk
bones become brittle and at risk of being broken easily
when bones loose density due to loss of minerals such as calcium
those with a family history
menopausal women
elderly
people who have very low activity levels
increase calcium intake
dairy intakes
consume calcium fortified foods
green leafy veggies
almonds
sardines
increase vitamin D intake: salmon, tuna, egg yolks, liver
increase weight bearing exercise to improve bone strength
malnutrition
constipation
when the body doesn't get enough nutrients- insufficient energy to maintain the body essential functions
due to not eating enough, not eating the right type of food or not absorbing all the nutrients from food
people at risk include
people with limited access to food
people with issues that affect nutrient absorption
people living in poverty or with low incomes
older adults who live alone or have disabilities
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symptoms include
weight loss
muscle wasting
hair loss
pale skin
mental confusion
obesity
chronic disease
caused by lack of fibre in the diet, not drinking enough water and lack of excerise
symptoms include
not needing to go to the bathroom as often
straining and pain when passing stools
bloating and cramps
increase intake of fibre rich foods including: wholegrain, fruit and veggies
increase water intake and exercise
reduce the intake of red meat, milk, cheese and white flour products
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foods that are rich in iron are tuna, fishy oils, egg and tofu
Vitamin D is obtained from exposure to the sun
to help constipation walk for 20-30 minutes a day
laxatives as a last resort (but only short term)
can occur when people deliberately restrict they're food intake