Sport Science - Joints and movement

Synovial Joints

An area of the body where two or more bones meet.

Also known as freely move-able joints

Located at the shoulder, elbow, hip, knee and ankle.

Types of synovial joints

Ball and socket

Hinge

Name

What can they do?

Move away from body.

Back towards the body

Rotate

Only moves in one direction

Towards and away from each other (like a hinge door)

Examples: Hip,shoulder

Examples: elbow, knee and ankle.

Types of movement

  1. Adduction (Ball and socket)
  1. Rotation (Ball and socket)
  1. Abduction (Ball and socket)
  1. Plantar flexion (Hinge)
  1. Flexion (Hinge)
  1. Dorsiflexion (Hinge)
  1. Extension (Hinge)

How do joints help us move?

Hinge at the ankle enables flexion and dorsiflexion.

Ball and socket joints enable rotation and adduction and abduction

Hinge can only enable flexion and extension

image

Increase in the angle of bones at a joint.

Decrease in the angle of bones at a joint.

Movement of a bone or limb away from the mid line of the body

Movement of a bone or limb towards the mid line of the body.

A circular movement around a joint.

Movement at the ankle joint that points the toes and increases the angle at the ankle joint.

Movement at the ankle joint that flexes the foot upwards and decreases the angle at the ankle joint.