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2.3. Troodos Cover (N Side) (Gypsum L. Miocene (3 evap facies (2° (=…
2.3.
Troodos Cover (N Side)
Gypsum
L. Miocene
Kato Moni Quarry
Evaporite facies, L. Miocene
3 evap facies
Alabastrine gypsum
Fine-grained, paler, laminated
Dip ~24° South
differs from 10° regional dip
Selenitic gypsum
Bladed crystals, coarse
Swallowtail/fishscale texture
Blades oriented up-down
2°
= Diagenetic selenite
Alabastrine reprecip to form bladed selenite
Chaotic, coarser blades sel grows inside alabaster
Gypsum Envmts
Alabastrine
Grows in slightly deeper water (up to 10 m)
Much finer material either
reworked selenite
direct precip if esp hypersaline
Selenite
Grows in small coastal bays/lagoons
Salinas - evaporitic basin
Bladed crystals grow upward toward surface
Gypsum interp
Alternation
a & s gypsum
Periodic recharge of basin w seawater from basin to South
Why dip differs from regional?
Block backtilting associated with extension?
Faulting
L. Messinian/E. Pliocene
Formed Mesaoria Basin
Soon after gyp precip
Basin then filled w very thick PlioQuat sediments
--> Fault zone
dip 25 ° N = away from Troodos
Shallow Marine
Late Pliocene
Abundant intact fossils
e.g. bivalves, echinoderms, tubes (worms>
Giant ripple
sediment stirred up by large standing waves assoc w storms
Interp: Marine channel sand
when sea fills again after MSC
Massive mud
w
lenticular sand bodies
Mangrove
Swampy marine mangrove
Long rooted plants (take advant of water @ Z
Unconformity
Transition eroded out btwn:
Late Pliocene marine
Early Pleistocene
Instead, mid-quat terrace overlies Pliocene sstone
Mid plioquat. conglom
Mangrove
HIATUS
L. Pliocene marine sstone
Hiatus evidence
Rootlets grow down into marine sands
--> Hiatus in sedimentation
Shallow marine envmt gradually emerged to become non-marine envmt
2 Fan Systems
Nicosia (Marine)
Thick marine siltstones cut by conglomerate lenses
Small, isolated deltas
Deposited during subsidence
Delta interp?
Since = interface btwn marine & non-marine sediments
2. Kakkaristra (fluvial delta)
Post-subsidence depo (Mesaoria basin)
Younger, fluvial (non-marine) fans
Before regional fanglomerate
Signif
1st emergence: Troodos ophiolite & fluvial channels
Delta formation ceased when Troodos uplifted
i.e. before fanglomerate deposited
Apalos Channels (E. Pleistocene)
Interbedded w fluvial sands
= overbank material spilled onto floodplain
Avulsion
channels not fixed in place
Lenticular channels
little imbrication - fast flow
material from U. Troodos oph (diabase/gabbro)
Athalassa Formation
B.
Lagoon
Oyster reef
Oysters accumulated atop ripples
When sealevel fell as island on verge of uplifting
Peculiar conditions
--> only oysters could withstand
V shallow, turbid & unstable waters
A.
Shallow marine
Ripples migrating S
Stirred up sed & transported it S
Cold air coming off KR
Shallow marine sand
V last gasp of marine envmt
Crossbedded calcarenites
Carbonate rich sand
KR provenance
Suooirted by marble & dikerute
E. Pleistocene
Marine > fluvial transition
Lower unit
Shallow marine, fossiliferous
Upper unit
Lose fossils
just before fanglomerates
Apalos
Channelised, non-marine terrace deposits
Just before/below fanglomerates
Marine Regression
Sealevel fall just before Troodos emergence
Shallow marine () --> Lagoonal () --> Continental